Ethnoracial Minority Background, Psychological Trauma, PTSD, and DESNOS Among Urban Low-Income Women with Severe Mental Illness

Ford, Julián D.

doi:10.1080/19322880802266805

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…As has been found in other studies of urban, treatment-seeking individuals, our study found a significant relationship between Black race and increased religiosity (Ford, 2008). Religious teachings promote a sense of hope (Lizardi et al, 2008), which may decrease depressive symptoms among Blacks.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Racial and ethnic differences in symptom severity of PTSD, GAD, and depression in trauma‐exposed, urban, treatment‐seeking adults

Ghafoori

Barragan

Tohidian

et al. 2012

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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Urban, socially disadvantaged individuals are at high risk for traumatic event exposure and its subsequent psychiatric symptomatology. This study examined the association between race/ethnicity and symptom severity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and depression in an urban clinical sample of 170 trauma-exposed adults. In addition, this study investigated the role of socioeconomic position (SEP) and coping style in the relationship between race/ethnicity and posttrauma psychiatric symptom severity. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that Blacks had lower depression symptom severity compared to Whites. No significant relationship was found between racial/ethnic group status and indices of SEP, PTSD, or GAD symptom severity. Adjustment for trauma exposure, gender, positive reframe coping, avoidance coping and negative coping accounted for 3%, 3%, 8%, 4%, and 3% of the variance in depression severity, respectively; however, Black race remained significantly associated with decreased depression symptom severity accounting for a statistically significant 5% of the variance in lower depression symptom severity. These preliminary findings and their clinical implications are discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Racial and ethnic differences in symptom severity of PTSD, GAD, and depression in trauma‐exposed, urban, treatment‐seeking adults

Ghafoori

Barragan

Tohidian

et al. 2012

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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“…The DESNOS concept and diagnosis has not been investigated previously in Scandinavia. The few published studies of war victims and minority populations have found substantial differences in the prevalence of DESNOS (Morina & Ford, 2008; Ford, 2008), as well as little support for the cross‐cultural DESNOS construct (de Jong, Komproe, Spinazzola, van der Kolk & Van Ommeren, 2005). Even if the DESNOS diagnosis is not included as a formal and separate diagnosis in the DSM‐IV, its practical value in treating multiple trauma patients is still important.…”

Section: The Rationale and The Purpose Of The Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental health problems and post‐migration stress among multi‐traumatized refugees attending outpatient clinics upon resettlement to Norway

Teodorescu

Heir

Hauff

et al. 2012

Scandinavian J Psychology

125

128

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Refugees have often been exposed to multiple traumas making them prone to mental health problems later. The aim of this study is to describe the prevalence and symptom load of psychiatric disorders in refugees admitted to psychiatric outpatient clinics and to investigate the relationship between multiple exposure to traumatic events, the severity of traumatic symptoms and post-migration stressors. A clinical sample of 61 refugee outpatients from psychiatric clinics in Southern Norway was cross-sectionally examined using three structured clinical interviews (SCID-PTSD, SIDES and MINI) and self-report psychometric instruments (HSCL-25, IES-R). Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) was diagnosed in 82% of the patients, while Disorders of Extreme Stress Not Otherwise Specified (DESNOS) was present in 16% of them. Comorbidity was considerable; 64% of the patients had both PTSD and major depression disorder (MDD) and 80% of those who had PTSD had three or more additional diagnoses. Multi-traumatized refugees in outpatient clinics have high prevalence of PTSD, DESNOS, comorbid depression and anxiety disorders. A more severe symptomatology was found in patients diagnosed with both PTSD and DESNOS, than in those diagnosed with only PTSD. Higher rates of unemployment, weak social network and weak social integration were also prevalent in these outpatients, and related to increased psychiatric comorbidity and severity of symptoms. Further research may clarify the existence of a cumulative relationship between pre-resettlement traumas and post-resettlement stressors in the mental health of refugees, which in turn may help to improve therapeutic interventions.

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“…Similarly, in Ford's study (2008) a high number of urban low income women with severe mental disorders met the criteria for PTSD diagnosis (44%) and subthreshold PTSD (44%) [25] . Women in a disadvantaged neighborhood with increased exposures to traumatic events may fall into this Bsubthreshold^category of PTSD and experience increased psychological distress despite not having the Bfull-blown^PTSD diagnosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Frequency of PTSD and Subthreshold PTSD among African–American Women with Depressive Symptoms in a Disadvantaged Urban Neighborhood: Pilot Study

Hong

Burnett-Zeigler

2016

J. Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities

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Racial/ethnic minority women in a disadvantaged urban neighborhood may experience a high rate of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. This brief report examined the frequency of a PTSD diagnosis and subthreshold PTSD among 72 female participants with depressive symptoms in a mindfulness-based intervention for depression at an urban federally qualified health center (FQHC). The MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview was used to assess PTSD diagnosis or subthreshold PTSD, and the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self-Report (IDS-SR) was used to assess depressive symptoms. We conducted a descriptive analysis of trauma experiences and explored the neighborhood context of the participants. Fifty-one percent of women self-reported that they experienced a traumatic event. Twenty-nine percent of women met PTSD diagnosis and 7% had subthreshold PTSD; women with a PTSD diagnosis or subthreshold PTSD had significantly worse depressive symptoms. Commonly reported traumas included witnessing a murder, experiencing abuse, and domestic violence. This brief report highlights the high frequency of PTSD diagnosis and subthreshold PTSD among underserved women with depressive symptoms. This may be associated with trauma events linked to residing in a disadvantaged neighborhood.

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Ethnoracial Minority Background, Psychological Trauma, PTSD, and DESNOS Among Urban Low-Income Women with Severe Mental Illness

Cited by 17 publications

References 42 publications

Racial and ethnic differences in symptom severity of PTSD, GAD, and depression in trauma‐exposed, urban, treatment‐seeking adults

Racial and ethnic differences in symptom severity of PTSD, GAD, and depression in trauma‐exposed, urban, treatment‐seeking adults

Mental health problems and post‐migration stress among multi‐traumatized refugees attending outpatient clinics upon resettlement to Norway

The Frequency of PTSD and Subthreshold PTSD among African–American Women with Depressive Symptoms in a Disadvantaged Urban Neighborhood: Pilot Study

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