Abstract:Ethnopharmacologic research has revealed that ethnicity significantly affects drug response. Genetic or cultural factors, or both, may influence a given drug's pharmacokinetics (its absorption, metabolism, distribution, and elimination) and pharmacodynamics (its mechanism of action and effects at the target site), as well as patient adherence and education. In addition, the tremendous variation within each of the broader racial and ethnic categories defined by the U.S. Census Bureau (categories often used by r… Show more
“…Although research in this area is still quite recent, it suggests that biological differences can be related to genetic differences that may influence the ways in which certain drugs are metabolised. Until now, this kind of research has focused primarily on psychotropic and antihypertensive agents 13 . However, this research focuses mainly on racial rather than genetic differences.…”
Section: Conceptual Framework Of Cultural Competenciesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Until now, this kind of research has focused primarily on psychotropic and antihypertensive agents. 13 However, this research focuses mainly on racial rather than genetic differences. Thus, it should be viewed with caution because research has also shown that genetic differences are greater within socially defined racial groups than between groups, 14 which implies there is no biological basis for 'race'.…”
Section: Knowledge Of Differential Effects Of Treatment In Various Etmentioning
OBJECTIVES The need to address cultural and ethnic diversity issues in medical education as a means to improve the quality of care for all has been widely emphasised. Cultural competence has been suggested as an instrument with which to deal with diversity issues. However, the implementation of culturally competent curricula appears to be difficult. We believe the development of curricula would profit from a framework that provides a practical translation of abstract educational objectives and that is related to competencies underlying the medical curriculum in general. This paper proposes such a framework.
METHODSThe framework illustrates the following cultural competencies: knowledge of epidemiology and the differential effects of treatment in various ethnic groups; awareness of how culture shapes individual behaviour and thinking; awareness of the social context in which specific ethnic groups live; awareness of one's own prejudices and tendency to stereotype; ability to transfer information in a way the patient can understand and to use external help (e.g. interpreters) when needed, and ability to adapt to new situations flexibly and creatively.DISCUSSION The framework indicates important aspects in taking care of an ethnically diverse patient population. It shows that there are more dimensions to delivering high-quality care than merely the cultural. Most cultural competencies emphasise a specific aspect of a generic competency that is of extra importance when dealing with patients from different ethnic groups. We hope our framework contributes to the further development of cultural competency in medical curricula.cultural and interprofessional diversity
“…Although research in this area is still quite recent, it suggests that biological differences can be related to genetic differences that may influence the ways in which certain drugs are metabolised. Until now, this kind of research has focused primarily on psychotropic and antihypertensive agents 13 . However, this research focuses mainly on racial rather than genetic differences.…”
Section: Conceptual Framework Of Cultural Competenciesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Until now, this kind of research has focused primarily on psychotropic and antihypertensive agents. 13 However, this research focuses mainly on racial rather than genetic differences. Thus, it should be viewed with caution because research has also shown that genetic differences are greater within socially defined racial groups than between groups, 14 which implies there is no biological basis for 'race'.…”
Section: Knowledge Of Differential Effects Of Treatment In Various Etmentioning
OBJECTIVES The need to address cultural and ethnic diversity issues in medical education as a means to improve the quality of care for all has been widely emphasised. Cultural competence has been suggested as an instrument with which to deal with diversity issues. However, the implementation of culturally competent curricula appears to be difficult. We believe the development of curricula would profit from a framework that provides a practical translation of abstract educational objectives and that is related to competencies underlying the medical curriculum in general. This paper proposes such a framework.
METHODSThe framework illustrates the following cultural competencies: knowledge of epidemiology and the differential effects of treatment in various ethnic groups; awareness of how culture shapes individual behaviour and thinking; awareness of the social context in which specific ethnic groups live; awareness of one's own prejudices and tendency to stereotype; ability to transfer information in a way the patient can understand and to use external help (e.g. interpreters) when needed, and ability to adapt to new situations flexibly and creatively.DISCUSSION The framework indicates important aspects in taking care of an ethnically diverse patient population. It shows that there are more dimensions to delivering high-quality care than merely the cultural. Most cultural competencies emphasise a specific aspect of a generic competency that is of extra importance when dealing with patients from different ethnic groups. We hope our framework contributes to the further development of cultural competency in medical curricula.cultural and interprofessional diversity
“…One specialized field of study within pharmacogenetics is ethnopharmacology. Ethnopharmacology is the study of how genetic and cultural factors can impact use of pharmacothereapeutic treatments (Munoz & Hilgenberg, 2005). While ethnopharmacology is currently most studied with antihypertensive and psychotropic medications (Munoz & Hilgenberg, 2005), its potential for prescribing decision making is profound.…”
Section: Significant Influences In Pharmacotherapeutics Since 1998mentioning
In order to prepare NPs of the future it is important to acknowledge the implications of increased autonomy, scope, and depth of practice that explicitly includes broad prescriptive authority.
“…It may be that nurses in this study may not be knowledgeable about disease incidence and prevalence and treatment efficacy among different ethnic groups. Munoz & Hilgenberg (2005) assert that understanding how ethnicity can affect drug response is essential to providing cultural competent care. How ethnicity affects drug response is challenging as many factors such as diet, tobacco, genotyping and health belief practices affect pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of drugs.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Variations in drug metabolism with reference to common drugs used should be emphasized. Munoz & Hilgenberg (2005) In addition, all existing structures and processes influencing delivery of care should be examined. From the overall organization's management perspective, one of the major implications is to measure progress in elimination of inequities and assess patient outcomes.…”
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