Ethnonursing: A Qualitative Research Method for Studying Culturally Competent Care across Disciplines

Abstract

Nurse anthropologist, Madeleine Leininger, developed the culture care theory and ethnonursing research method to help researchers study transcultural human care phenomena and discover the knowledge nurses need to provide care in an increasingly multicultural world. The authors propose that the ethnonursing method can be useful for research that addresses providing care in other disciplines, including education, administration, physical, occupational, and speech therapy, social work, pharmacy, medicine, and other disciplines in which research findings have implications for human care and health. The authors discuss the culture care theory and describe the ethnonursing research method's enablers, data analysis phases, and qualitative evaluation criteria. The theory is presented as a guide for using research findings to design culturally competent and congruent care to promote wellbeing among diverse people, groups, communities, and institutions. Resources include a reference list of key source publications, a discussion of exemplar studies, and samples of a theory-based, open-ended interview guide and data coding system.

Engagement in help-seeking of dual diagnosed mothers at a low-threshold service: grasping life through co-created opportunities

“…An inductive approach in the data collection and qualitative analysis was used. Data analysis commenced during the fieldwork, and continued for the duration of the study (McFarland et al, 2012). QSR NVivo 11 Pro software was used to assist data handling.…”

“…Questions about confidentiality and ethical questions related to working with such a vulnerable population required that a confidentiality agreement was signed by the first author. Since the ethnographic researcher's role as a participant or observer in the ethnographic data collection was a core issue (McFarland et al, 2012), the research was planned so that author could interchange between the roles of participant and observer during the study.…”

Functional capacity of elderly people: implications for instrumental activities of daily living

“…35 elderly people were selected by convenience, maned as key informants (4,7) . Those who had participated for at least one year in the project activities on a regular basis and were available to attend the scheduled interview, were included.…”

FGMReview

“…The Cultural Care Diversity and Universality model, proposed by Madeleine Leininger, explains the role of the nurse in providing culturally congruent health care to those clients whose perceptions of care (emic) may differ from those of the professionals' or nurses' (etic; Leininger, 1995Leininger, , 2002McFarland, Mixer, Wehbe-Alamah, & Burk, 2012;Sagar, 2012). The nurse must negotiate, in collaboration with the client, a care approach that is informed by the data collected from the client following the domains of the Sunrise Model (Sagar, 2012).…”