Ethnomedicinal, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Investigations of Tetradenia riparia (Hochst.) Codd (Lamiaceae)

Abstract

Tetradenia riparia Hochsteter codd. (Lamiaceae) in its native African continent, is considered one of the most popular aromatic medicinal plants. In folk medicine it may be used as an infusion to treat respiratory problems, cough, headache, stomach pain, diarrhea, fever, malaria, and dengue; and in the form of compresses it is applied for the relief of headaches and toothaches. The species T. riparia has been researched for decades to isolate and identify chemical constituents present in extracts or essential oil obtained from the leaves, floral buds, or stems of this plant. The present study reviews the scientific literature on ethnomedicinal, phytochemical, and pharmacological aspects of T. riparia. We discuss issues related to the botanical and geographical description of the species, ethnobotanical uses, phytochemical studies on its essential oil and extracts, and biological activities of T. riparia. Several compounds have already been isolated from leaves, such as ibozol, 7α-hydroxyroileanone, 1′,2′-dideacetylboronolide, 8(14),15-sandaracopimaradiene-7α,18-diol; 5,6-dihydro-α-pyrone and α-pyrone. Terpenes predominated in the essential oil, comprising monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, hydrocarbons, and oxygenates. Most phytocompounds were isolated from the leaves and flower buds, namely fenchone, 14-hydroxy-9-epi (E)-caryophyllene, 9β, 13β-epoxy-7-abietene, and 6,7-dehydroroileanone. These compounds provide the species a high pharmacological potential, with antimicrobial, antioxidant, antitumor, analgesic, anti-leishmania, anti-tuberculosis, and anti-parasitic activities. Therefore, this species is a promising herbal medicine.

The anticandidal activity of the diterpenediol 8(14),15‐sandaracopimaradiene‐7alpha,18‐diol from Tetradenia riparia against the emerging pathogen Candida auris

“…It is commonly planted near homes to repel mosquitoes, and is used traditionally for several diseases, including respiratory problems, cough, headache, stomach pain, diarrhea, fever, malaria, dengue, etc." (Panda et al, 2022). As this plant is traditionally used for the treatment of skin conditions, and the T A B L E 1 Antifungal activity of compounds isolated from the leaves of T. riparia compound 8( 14),15-sandaracopimara-diene-7α,18-diol is active against C. auris, which is reported to colonize skin, the present study opens perspectives to treat this emerging pathogen.…”

Are Plants Used as a Combating Strategy against Tuberculosis in the Mpumalanga Province, South Africa?

“…The natural distribution of the plant ranges from Mpumalanga, KwaZulu-Natal, and Northern Province in South Africa [66]. The plant is used traditionally as an infusion to treat respiratory diseases, including TB [67]. The anti-mycobacterium tuberculosis activity of essential oil from T. riparia was reported by Baldin et al [68].…”