Ethnobotany of cañihua (Chenopodium pallidicaule), rustic seed crop of the Altiplano

Gade, Daniel W.

doi:10.1007/bf02860637

Cited by 45 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…From an ecological perspective, the low productivity displayed by cañahua, together with its branched growth habit, low NAR, and high SRL, could be part of a syndrome of plant growth adapted to cold, high-altitude habitats with shallow soils (Poorter et al 2011;Gade 1970). In fact, small, branched plants are less exposed to the night frosts frequent in the Andean highlands (Pouteau et al 2011;Winkel et al 2009).…”

Section: Low-versus High-resource Habitatsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…This grain crop shows an ample niche diversification from cold highland deserts down to tropical intermontane valleys and temperate ocean littoral, resulting in several tens of local varieties and landraces (Bonifacio 2003) with a promising potential outside its original area of distribution (Bertero et al 2004). Cañahua may have originated as a grain and forage crop in dry areas of extreme elevation and shallow soils (Gade 1970;Bonifacio 2003;Bruno 2006;Pearsall 2008). According to Wilson (1990) and Mujica et al (2001), the diploid genome of cañahua could have combined with that of C. petiolare or C. carnosolum to produce the allotetraploid C. hircinum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plant growth dynamics and root morphology of little-known species of Chenopodium from contrasted Andean habitats

Alvarez-FloresRicardo

Winkel

DegueldreDavid

et al. 2014

Botany

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Plant morphology determines the access to soil resources, a feature crucial for early growth in annual species. Plant growth and root traits in little-known species of Andean chenopods were compared with the hypothesis that plants from low-resource habitats show traits that enhance resource capture. Three cultivated Chenopodium populations (two populations of the tetraploid Chenopodium quinoa Willd., one population of the diploid Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen) and one population of their wild tetraploid relative Chenopodium hircinum Schrad. were grown in pots under nonlimiting conditions over nine weeks of early vegetative growth. All populations followed the same sequence of biomass allocation and showed similar maximal values of shoot and root relative growth rates (RGR). Population differences in plant biomass, net assimilation rate, total root length, and specific root length were associated with seed mass ranking and species ploidy level. Chenopodium quinoa produced less branched stems and maintained high root RGR for a longer time than the other two species, and the C. quinoa population from low-resource habitat showed a faster main root growth. These results show that C. pallidicaule developed a plant growth syndrome adapted to cold, high-altitude habitats, while C. quinoa from low-resource habitats showed an improved capacity to explore soil at depth in early growth stages.Résumé : La morphologie des plantes détermine l'accès aux ressources du sol, un élément crucial pour la croissance juvénile des plantes annuelles. La croissance des plantes et les traits racinaires de chénopodes peu connus des Andes ont été comparés avec l'hypothèse que les plantes d'habitats pauvres en ressources présentent des traits qui améliorent la capture des ressources. Trois Chenopodium cultivés (deux populations tétraploïdes de Chenopodium quinoa Willd., une population diploïde de Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen) et une population de leur parent sauvage tétraploïde Chenopodium hircinum Schrad. ont été cultivés en pots en conditions non limitantes durant neuf semaines de croissance végétative. Toutes ces populations montrent la même séquence d'allocation de la biomasse et des valeurs similaires des taux de croissance relative (RGR) des tiges et des racines. Les différences inter-populations de production de biomasse, taux d'assimilation nette, longueur racinaire totale, et longueur spécifique des racines sont associées à la masse des graines et au niveau de ploïdie des espèces. Chenopodium quinoa produit des tiges moins ramifiées et maintient des RGR de racines plus élevés durant plus longtemps que les deux autres espèces, et la population de C. quinoa issue de l'habitat pauvre en ressources présente une croissance plus rapide de la racine principale. Ces résultats montrent que C. pallidicaule développe un syndrome de croissance adapté aux habitats froids de haute altitude, tandis que C. quinoa de l'habitat pauvre en ressources montre une meilleure capacité d'exploration du sol en profondeur pendant la phase de croissance juvé...

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Section: Low-versus High-resource Habitatsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant growth dynamics and root morphology of little-known species of Chenopodium from contrasted Andean habitats

Alvarez-FloresRicardo

Winkel

DegueldreDavid

et al. 2014

Botany

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“…Cañahua's growth habits can be classified as erect, semiprostrate or prostrate. Height (25-60 cm) and maturity (95-173 days) range dramatically among ecotypes (Flores 2006;Gade 1970;Galwey 1989;Rodríguez 2007). Current cultivation of cañahua occurs in two major centers in the general proximity of Lake Titicaca on the northern Altiplano, namely in the departments of La Paz, Bolivia and Puno, Peru, although minor cultivation extends into the Bolivian departments of Oruro, Cochabamba, and Potosi, as well as scattered valleys in the Peruvian Andes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and use of microsatellite markers for genetic diversity analysis of cañahua (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen)

Vargas

Elzinga

Rojas-Beltran

et al. 2010

Genet Resour Crop Evol

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Cañahua (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen) is a poorly studied, annual subsistence crop of the high Andes of South America. Its nutritional value (high in protein and mineral content) and ability to thrive in harsh climates make it an important regional food crop throughout the Andean region. The objectives of this study were to develop genetic markers and to quantify genetic diversity within cañahua. A set of 43 wild and cultivated cañahua genotypes and two related species (Chenopodium quinoa Willd. and Chenopodium petiolare Kunth) were evaluated for polymorphism using 192 microsatellite markers derived from random genomic cañahua sequences produced by 454 pyrosequencing of cañahua genomic DNA. Another 424 microsatellite markers from C. quinoa were also evaluated for cross-species amplification and polymorphism in cañahua. A total of 34 polymorphic microsatellite marker loci were identified which detected a total of 154 alleles with an average of 4.5 alleles per marker locus and an average heterozygosity value of 0.49. A cluster analysis, based on Nei genetic distance, clearly separated from wild cañahua genotypes from the cultivated genotypes. Within the cultivated genotypes, subclades were partitioned by AMOVA analysis into six model-based clusters, including a subclade consisting sole of erect morphotypes. The isolation by distance test displayed no significant correlation between geographic collection origin and genotypic data, suggesting that cañahua populations have moved extensively, presumably via ancient food exchange strategies among native peoples of the Andean region. The molecular markers reported here are a significant resource for ongoing efforts to characterize the extensive Bolivian and Peruvian cañahua germplasm banks, including the development of core germplasm collections needed to support emerging breeding programs.

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“…Red, yellow or green colour variation occurs in the stalks and leaves of kañiwa. It also varies in precocity: one kind matures within only 95 days from the sowing date, although most varieties require about 150 days before they can be harvested [2]. At the time of the Spanish conquest, both kañiwa and quinoa were considered very important foods in high Andean highlands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and Functional Characterization of Kañiwa (Chenopodium pallidicaule) Grain, Extrudate and Bran

Repo‐Carrasco‐Valencia

Cruz

Alvarez

et al. 2009

Plant Foods Hum Nutr

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Cereals provide a good source of dietary fibre and other important compounds with nutritional potential, such as phenolic compounds, antioxidants, minerals and vitamins. Although native Andean cereals are known to have high nutritional value, their minor components have not been studied thoroughly. In this study, two varieties of a native Andean crop, kañiwa (Chenopodium pallidicaule), were investigated as sources of dietary fibre and specific antioxidant compounds. Two products, an extrudate and bran, were also prepared and their functional properties and bioactive compounds were determined. Both varieties were rich in total dietary fibre and lignin, and the phenolic components analyzed had high antioxidant activity. The extrudates had good functional properties, such as degree of gelatinization, sectional expansion index and water solubility index; the bran was high in bioactive compounds, such as total phenolics. In conclusion, kañiwa may offer an alternative to traditional cereals as a health-promoting food ingredient.

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Ethnobotany of cañihua (Chenopodium pallidicaule), rustic seed crop of the Altiplano

Cited by 45 publications

References 1 publication

Plant growth dynamics and root morphology of little-known species of Chenopodium from contrasted Andean habitats

Plant growth dynamics and root morphology of little-known species of Chenopodium from contrasted Andean habitats

Development and use of microsatellite markers for genetic diversity analysis of cañahua (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen)

Chemical and Functional Characterization of Kañiwa (Chenopodium pallidicaule) Grain, Extrudate and Bran

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