Ethnobotanical survey and testing of plants traditionally used against hematophagous insects in Eritrea

Laboratory study was carried out to evaluate the repellent efficiency of most commonly known four traditional insect/mosquito repellent plants Wogert [vernacular name (local native language, Amharic); Silene macroserene], Kebercho [vernacular name (local native language, Amharic); Echinops sp.], Tinjut [vernacular name (local native language, Amharic); Ostostegia integrifolia], and Woira[vernacular name (local native language, Amharic); Olea europaea] against Anopheles arabiensis under the laboratory conditions. One hundred (4-5 days old) female A. arabiensis were introduced into the both 'control' and 'test' repellent chamber through the hole on top. Traditional charcoal stoves were used for direct burning. The experiment was conducted by applying the smoke into the repellent "test" mosquito cage by direct burning of 25 gm of dried plant materials (leaves and roots) until plant materials completely burned. The number of mosquitoes driving away from the "test" and "control" cage was recorded for every 5 min. In the present investigation, the results clearly revealed that the roots of S. macroserene has potent repellent efficiency (93.61%) and was the most effective. The leaves of Echinops sp. (92.47%), leaves of O. integrifolia (90.10%) and O. europaea (79.78%) were also effective. Roots of S. macroserene exhibited the highest repellent efficiency by direct burning. The present study identified these four traditional indigenous insect/mosquito repellent plant materials are very promising and can be used as safer alternative to modern synthetic chemical repellents against mosquito vectors of disease. Since people have been using these plants for some medicinal purposes, no side effects have been found.

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“…The present study clearly revealed that the direct burning of four most commonly known traditional insect/mosquito (Waka et al 2004). …”

Section: Conclusion and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Laboratory evaluation of traditional insect/mosquito repellent plants against Anopheles arabiensis, the predominant malaria vector in Ethiopia

2008

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“…In most communities there are resourceful plants which have shown some repellent properties and have been used traditionally to protect against insects of medical and veterinary importance (Pålsson & Jaenson, 1999). Several plant species have been used against malaria vectors as repellents (Waka et al, 2004). The major drawback reported has been on the longevity of active ingredients of the plant extracts if not properly stored (Wells et al, 1993).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Ocimum suave essential oil against anthropophilic malaria vector Anopheles gambiae s.s after ten years of storage

Kweka¹,

Mwang'onde²,

Mahande³

et al. 2009

Tanzania J Hlth Res

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Interruption of vector-human contact is of priority in breaking the transmission chain of malaria parasites. The use of plant extracts as repellents against malaria vectors have been advocated in different studies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the protective efficacy of freshly distilled and ten years old essential oil of Ocmum suave against Anopheles gambae s.s. The feeding inhibition of old and freshly prepared O. suave extracts in liquid paraffin or glycerine were compared with N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) using mosquito cage evaluation. There was no significant difference between the ten years stored and freshly prepared O. suave extract in either glycerine (t = 0.578, df = 58, P = 0.566) or liquid paraffin (t = 0.148, df = 58, P = 0.883). Neither ten years old (P = 0.423 in glycerine and P=0.423 in liquid paraffin) or freshly prepared (P=0.427 in glycerine and P = 0.412 in liquid paraffin) O. suave extracts had significant difference against DEET in protection efficacy. Comparison of the mean between O. suave in glycerine and in paraffin had no difference (t= 1.445, df = 24, P = 0.161). Therefore, promotion of plant extracts for commercialization is of priority in rural Tanzania where whole plants are currently used as repellents against malaria vectors. _______________________________________________________________________________________

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“…Other types of applications are spraying the extracts by crushing and grinding the repellent plant parts, hanging and sprinkling the repellent plant leaves on the floor. Another study by Waka, et al [8] stated that local plants with repellent or insecticidal action may play an important role in regions where mosquitoes bite in the early evenings or in situations when there are not enough bed nets to cover all the beds in a house.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repellent Effects of Aloe pirottae (Aloaceae) Gel Extract and Brassica nigra (Brassicaceae) Essential Oil against the Malaria Vector, Anopheles arabiensis Patton (Diptera: Culicidae)

Mengistu¹,

Petros²

2017

Biochem Anal Biochem

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Malaria continues to be one of the major public health challenges in the world, particularly in Africa, despite the fact that numerous studies have identified effective methods of control. The plant species that include Brassica nigra (seeds) and Aloe pirottae (leaves) in Ethiopia were used traditionally as mosquito repellent and selected for the mosquito repellent activity test. The present study was undertaken to scientifically evaluate the repellent activity of two extracts from Aloe pirottae and Brassica nigra, respectively on forearms of human volunteers against Anopheles arabiensis mosquito under laboratory conditions. Four concentrations: 2.5, 5, 10 and 20% of the repellents were evaluated. The safety of these extracts was tested to make a further research and results showed no dermal irritation actions. In the course of our test for repellents against Anopheles arabiesnis, the oil extract of Brassica nigra was found to exhibit more remarkable repellent activity than gel extract of Aloe prottae with ED 50 of 1.468% and 16.689%, respectively after 6 h exposure. The Chi-square values were significant at p<0.05 level. The present study indicates that the extracts derived from Aloe pirottae and Brassica nigra have good efficacy in mosquito repellency, thus their extracts could be used in the regulation of malaria vector. These extracts had no adverse effects on rabbits at 20% concentration. Further studies are required to determine formulations with enhanced activity against mosquitoes and their cost effectiveness. The field bioassays also need to be evaluated as the present study indicated the scope to use local plants to augment the ongoing malaria vector control.

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Ethnobotanical survey and testing of plants traditionally used against hematophagous insects in Eritrea

Cited by 40 publications

References 9 publications

Laboratory evaluation of traditional insect/mosquito repellent plants against Anopheles arabiensis, the predominant malaria vector in Ethiopia

Laboratory evaluation of traditional insect/mosquito repellent plants against Anopheles arabiensis, the predominant malaria vector in Ethiopia

Evaluation of Ocimum suave essential oil against anthropophilic malaria vector Anopheles gambiae s.s after ten years of storage

Repellent Effects of Aloe pirottae (Aloaceae) Gel Extract and Brassica nigra (Brassicaceae) Essential Oil against the Malaria Vector, Anopheles arabiensis Patton (Diptera: Culicidae)

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