Ethno-Religious Communities: To the Problem of Identity Markers

Arakelova, Victoria

doi:10.1163/157338410x12743419189180

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…While the province was mostly immune to nationalist agitation as a result of its deliberate underdevelopment, the 1930s and 1940s saw the emergence of demands on the British regarding the future of Balochistan. The Khan of Kalat, officially a sovereign ruler but in practice simply "first among equals" in the Sardari system, sought British confirmation of his supremacy over the other sardars in vain (Yepiskoposian, 2009). The foundation of the Anjuman-e Ittehad-e Balochan wa Balochistan and the Kalat State National Party, both of which criticized the Sandeman system as the primary barrier to the region's modernization, also signaled the emergence of more genuine nationalist aspirations.…”

Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Political and Democratic Role of The National Party in Restoring Peace and Democracy in Balochistan During the Insurgency

Naheed¹,

Shinwari²

2023

Pak. J. Humanit. Soc. Sci

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Balochistan is a troubled province in the country since the inception of Pakistan in 1947. The political turmoil is deeply embedded in the process of princely states joining the newly established Pakistan. Political parties including the National Party tried to curb the situation and pave the way for a peaceful reconciliation between the marginalized people of Balochistan and the state of Pakistan. The National Party (NP) is one of the bigger mass political parties in the province. It is a social-democratic and center-to-the-left party whose legacy party is linked back to the Kalat State’s National Party. In 2003, the merger of two political parties, the Balochistan National Democratic Party (BNDP) of Mir Hasil Khan Bizenjo, and the Balochistan National Movement (BNM) of Abdul Hayee Baloch led to the foundation of this popular mass political party. The Baloch people have been denied their political, economic, and cultural rights. They also ignored their right to self-governance and the management of their region's natural resources, ever since Pakistan was founded. Balochistan was not represented at the state level and had little influence over how the government was run. The focus of this paper is to know about the role of the National Party in restoring peace after the insurgency and how the leadership of the National Party did an effort to bring back democracy in the province to keep the federation of Pakistan. The research is a qualitative study based on primary and secondary data collected by researchers. Primary data was collected from the key informants of political parties. The secondary data includes an analysis of the written literature of the parties. It is concluded that the role of such parties in the establishment of peace and reconciliation between the state and the people of the province is important for the prosperity of the people of Balochistan in particular, and Pakistan in general.

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Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Political and Democratic Role of The National Party in Restoring Peace and Democracy in Balochistan During the Insurgency

Naheed¹,

Shinwari²

2023

Pak. J. Humanit. Soc. Sci

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“…52 Al-Hayat Media Center 2014b. About Yazidi beliefs and accusations of Devilworshipping, see, for example, Arkelova (2010). within its caliphate.…”

Section: Purifying Society From Impure "Others"mentioning

confidence: 99%

“Cleansing the Earth of the Stench of Shirk”

Nanninga¹

2019

Journal of Religion and Violence

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Current research on jihadism is dominated by the policy and security perspectives that characterize terrorism studies, leaving jihadist culture underexplored. As a result, jihadist violence is typically studied as instrumental actions related to the organizers’ strategic objectives. This paper, however, argues the violence should also be studied as a cultural practice, focusing on its symbolic aspects and cultural meanings for the actors involved. For this purpose, the paper focuses on the case of the Islamic State and, particularly, on the theme of purification in relation to the group’s violence. The relationship between violence and conceptions of purity/pollution is a longstanding theme in research on fundamentalism and mass violence, but these studies have hardly been integrated in the study of jihadism. This paper does so by relating insights from these fields to the case of the Islamic State. Drawing from the author’s extensive archive of Islamic State media releases, it identifies three types of violence to which conceptions of purity/pollution are central: the destruction of cultural heritage, the targeting of non-Muslim minorities, and the punishment of alleged sinners and spies. These acts of violence, the paper argues, are deemed to purify space, society, and the Muslim community, respectively. Perceiving the Islamic State’s violence from this perspective, provides insights into the cultural meanings of the Islamic State’s violence for the perpetrators and their supporters, and thus for grasping the appeal of the group that has become infamous for its bloodshed.

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“…The Yazidi ethnoreligious minority group, with an estimated global population of 800 000 individuals who are predominantly from northern Iraq, has experienced decades of persecution. 1 , 2 In August 2014, the self-proclaimed Islamic State, known as Daesh, targeted approximately 400 000 Yazidi individuals in the Sinjar province of Iraq for mass displacement, execution, systemic rape, and enslavement, leading to approximately 5500 deaths and 7000 kidnappings, with captives held for months to years. 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 The United Nations labeled these atrocities a genocide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sociodemographic Characteristics and Mental and Physical Health Diagnoses of Yazidi Refugees Who Survived the Daesh Genocide and Resettled in Canada

Hassan,

Coakley,

Al Masri

et al. 2023

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceThe health status of Yazidi refugees, a group of ethnoreligious minority individuals from northern Iraq who resettled in Canada between 2017 and 2018 after experiencing genocide, displacement, and enslavement by the Islamic State (Daesh), is unknown but important to guide health care and future resettlement planning for Yazidi refugees and other genocide victims. In addition, resettled Yazidi refugees requested documentation of the health impacts of the Daesh genocide.ObjectiveTo characterize sociodemographic characteristics, mental and physical health conditions, and family separations among Yazidi refugees who resettled in Canada.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective clinician- and community-engaged cross-sectional study included 242 Yazidi refugees seen at a Canadian refugee clinic between February 24, 2017, and August 24, 2018. Sociodemographic and clinical diagnoses were extracted through review of electronic medical records. Two reviewers independently categorized patients’ diagnoses by International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) codes and ICD-10-CM chapter groups. Diagnosis frequencies were calculated and stratified by age group and sex. Five expert refugee clinicians used a modified Delphi approach to identify diagnoses likely to be associated with Daesh exposure, then corroborated these findings with Yazidi leader coinvestigators. A total of 12 patients without identified diagnoses during the study period were excluded from the analysis of health conditions. Data were analyzed from September 1, 2019, to November 30, 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresSociodemographic characteristics; exposure to Daesh captivity, torture, or violence (hereinafter, Daesh exposure); mental and physical health diagnoses; and family separations.ResultsAmong 242 Yazidi refugees, the median (IQR) age was 19.5 (10.0-30.0) years, and 141 (58.3%) were female. A total of 124 refugees (51.2%) had direct Daesh exposure, and 60 of 63 families (95.2%) experienced family separations after resettlement. Among 230 refugees included in the health conditions analysis, the most common clinical diagnoses were abdominal and pelvic pain (47 patients [20.4%]), iron deficiency (43 patients [18.7%]), anemia (36 patients [15.7%]), and posttraumatic stress disorder (33 patients [14.3%]). Frequently identified ICD-10-CM chapters were symptoms and signs (113 patients [49.1%]), nutritional diseases (86 patients [37.4%]), mental and behavioral disorders (77 patients [33.5%]), and infectious and parasitic diseases (72 patients [31.3%]). Clinicians identified mental health conditions (74 patients [32.2%]), suspected somatoform disorders (111 patients [48.3%]), and sexual and physical violence (26 patients [11.3%]) as likely to be associated with Daesh exposure.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study, Yazidi refugees who resettled in Canada after surviving the Daesh genocide experienced substantial trauma, complex mental and physical health conditions, and nearly universal family separations. These findings highlight the need for comprehensive health care, community engagement, and family reunification and may inform care for other refugees and genocide victims.

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Ethno-Religious Communities: To the Problem of Identity Markers

Cited by 11 publications

References 1 publication

Political and Democratic Role of The National Party in Restoring Peace and Democracy in Balochistan During the Insurgency

Political and Democratic Role of The National Party in Restoring Peace and Democracy in Balochistan During the Insurgency

“Cleansing the Earth of the Stench of Shirk”

Sociodemographic Characteristics and Mental and Physical Health Diagnoses of Yazidi Refugees Who Survived the Daesh Genocide and Resettled in Canada

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