“…Psychosocial risks, such as parents' low educational status, poverty, conflicts among the parent couple or mental illness of a parent can restrict family interactions and conditions for stimulation in such a way that the child lacks the basic social and cognitive stimulation required for optimal development (Belsky, 2008;Bradley, Corwyn, Burchinal, McAdoo, & Garcia Coll, 2001;Hoff, 2006;Lemelin, Tarabulsy, & Provost, 2006;Sroufe, Coffino, & Carlson, 2010;Ziegenhain, 2007). As a result, these children are poorly prepared for school, more likely to repeat grades, to develop special education needs, and to withdraw from school before graduation (Beck, Jäpel, & Becker, 2010;Duncan & Brooks-Gunn, 1997;Hammond, Linton, Smink, & Drew, 2007;Huffman, Mehlinger, & Kerivan, 2000;OECD, 2010;Ramirez-Rodriguez & Dohmen, 2010;Sirin, 2005). Apart from isolated conditions that accentuate the risks, their interaction and accumulation can inhibit a child's development and above all will do so, if the risks and their effects are not absorbed by protective factors (Belsky, 2008;Durlak, 1998;Little, Axford, & Morpeth, 2004).…”