Ethnicity, Nationalism and the Making of Democracy in Kenya: An Introduction

Ogude, James

doi:10.1080/0002018022000032929

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…In elections, coalitions of regional-ethnic blocs compete with each other. The coalitions may change but the basic regional-ethnic blocs remain stable (Haugerud, 1995;Hulterström, 2007;Ogude, 2002). The highly disputed 2007 election showed that the majority of middle class and civil society organisations were integrated into the regional-ethnic political blocs (Kagwanja, 2009;Lafargue, 2009).…”

Section: Political Voting Patterns and Class Consciousnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clases, grupos e individuos en Colombia

Benítez¹

2022

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El lector encontrará textos sobre la vida campesina, en la llamada “nueva ruralidad”, como el texto de Emilia Pietrafesa (UNICAMP) sobre la vida individual y familiar del sertão brasileiro, desarrollándose entre campo y ciudad; como el texto de Maite Yie (Pontificia Universidad Javeriana) sobre las luchas recientes de los campesinos nariñenses en búsqueda de un nuevo reconocimiento estatal y de apoyo para la reproducción de sus vidas productivas; o bien, marcando la presencia de la pauta de la condición étnica, el texto de Fernando Urrea, José María Rojas, Jairo Castaño y Luis Gabriel Quiroz (todos de la Universidad del Valle), quienes presentan los datos demográficos, socioeconómicos y culturales de las sociedades indígenas de tres municipios del norte del Cauca. También encontrará el lector ponencias referentes a diversos grupos sociales urbanos, trazados por características sociológicas, como la condición urbana de los comerciantes indígenas en Bolivia, presentada por Juliane Müller (Universidad de Múnich), la de Jean Paul Sarrazin (UdeA) sobre los grupos formados por las nuevas religiosidades, o la de Jeanny Posso (Universidad del Valle), que expone los estilos de vida de grupos urbanos de población negra en Cali, y, en otro sentido, la ponencia de Leidy González (Universidad La Gran Colombia) y Helena Restrepo (Universidad del Rosario) sobre los efectos de la filantropía estatal en grupos pobres de Bogotá de la población capturada por sus programas económicos. Igualmente, se incluyen las ponencias sobre las clases medias, entre las que se destaca la conferencia de Kathya Araujo (Usach sobre el caso de Chile, que explora las formas de definición sociológica de sus grupos medios y de su crecimiento; así comotambién los relevantes estudios en poblaciones negras, de los que da expresión, primero, el texto de Dieter Neubert (Universidad de Bayreuth, Alemania) sobre la diversidad de las clases medias africanas, el caso de Kenya; segundo, el enriquecedor texto de Mara Viveros (UNAL) que nos conceptualiza y define el impacto del multiculturalismo en los grupos profesionales negros.

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Section: Political Voting Patterns and Class Consciousnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clases, grupos e individuos en Colombia

Benítez¹

2022

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“…Much of the discussion on ethnicity in Kenya specifically and Africa more generally is found in the political science and history literature particularly with reference to the reintroduction of multiparty elections to most African states in the 1990s. The main themes covered have included, comparative studies of ethnicity across African countries, ethnicity and democracy/elections, ethnic domination of the state, and ethnic violence and politics (International Commission of Jurists Kenya section 2000; Mwakikagile 2001;Ajulu 2002;Ogude 2002;Omolo 2002;Jonyo 2003;Lindberg 2003;Berman, Eyoh et al 2004;Kimenyi 2006;Jinadu 2007;Lindberg and Morrison 2008;Branch 2011;Kanyinga and Okello 2011). In the main because of the focus on politics there has been little focus on the economic basis of ethnicity, although there has been passing reference to the unequal distribution of wealth and income in the Kenyan studies.…”

Section: The Road Well Travelledmentioning

confidence: 99%

Erasing Class/(Re)Creating Ethnicity: Jobs, Politics, Accumulation and Identity in Kenya

Gĩthĩnji

2015

The Review of Black Political Economy

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A large literature on African economies argues that ethnicity plays a role in the politics and economics of African countries. Unfortunately, much of this literature is speculative or anecdotal because of the lack of data, with the exception of a few papers that examine ethnic networking as a business or employment strategy. In many ways Africa's failure to develop is a failure of nationhood. Creating nation is handicapped by the use of ethnicity. In this paper, I empirically examine the relationship between employment, wages and ethnicity in Africa via a case study of Kenya. I challenge the pervasive view that ethnicity in Africa is related to a primordial instinct and attempt to show empirically that ethnicity is used by politicians as a political strategy to maintain power. In the process of using ethnicity, class solidarity is explicitly down played by politicians as ethnicity is reified. In this paper I specifically examine whether jobs are being used by politicians as both reward and carrot to ensure ethnic allegiances. This is done by testing whether being a member of a dominant group (in terms of population and also politically) has an impact on the possibility of employment and the level of wages.

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“…While strong oversight from the central state over implementation can mitigate potential distributional tensions between ethnic groups, community perceptions of fairness are shaped by existing citizen‐state relationships (Alik‐Lagrange et al, 2021; Jones et al, 2016). Across Kenya, citizen‐state relations are mediated not only by ethnicity and partisanship (Hassan, 2020; Ndegwa, 1997; Ogude, 2002) but also by high levels of corruption that shape citizens' perceptions about and access to the state (D'Arcy & Cornell, 2016; Opongo, 2022). Poverty‐targeted cash transfer programs with inadequate coverage, combined with limited access to information about program design and distribution, have contributed to perceptions of exclusion at the local level (Fitzgibbon, 2014; HelpAge International, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cash transfers after electoral violence: A case study of citizen‐state relations in Nakuru, Kenya

Porisky,

Odoo Juma

2023

Soc Policy Adm

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This paper examines the impacts of three cash transfer programs, one for orphans and vulnerable children (CT‐OVC), one for older persons (OPCT) and a universal social pension (Inua Jamii Senior Citizens' Scheme), for citizen‐state relations in areas of Kenya that experienced high levels of electoral violence in 2007. Drawing on 40 interviews with civil servants and community leaders and 16 focus group discussions with both beneficiaries and non‐beneficiaries of the cash transfer programs conducted across two sub‐counties in Nakuru, this paper argues that the central state, in the wake of post‐electoral violence, effectively mobilised state power to make and enforce geographic targeting decisions down to the village level in an effort to mitigate ethnic tensions and strengthen citizen‐state relations. The paper further argues that the success of such localised distribution in strengthening citizen‐state relations has been limited due to incomplete program coverage, limited information about targeting procedures, and citizens' prior experiences with the state which collectively undermine citizens' perceptions of inclusion and exclusion at the local level. These findings are brought into conversation with other research on cash transfers and citizenship across Kenya to parse out the ways in which the impacts of cash transfer programs for citizen‐state relations are mediated by state infrastructural power, citizens' prior experiences with the state, and key aspects of program design. The paper also examines the implications of these findings for other countries across Africa that have experienced generalised electoral violence.

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Ethnicity, Nationalism and the Making of Democracy in Kenya: An Introduction

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Clases, grupos e individuos en Colombia

Clases, grupos e individuos en Colombia

Erasing Class/(Re)Creating Ethnicity: Jobs, Politics, Accumulation and Identity in Kenya

Cash transfers after electoral violence: A case study of citizen‐state relations in Nakuru, Kenya

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