Ethnicity Modifies the Relationships of Insulin Resistance, Inflammation, and Adiponectin With Obesity in a Multiethnic Asian Population

Khoo, Chin Meng; Sairazi, Sarina; Taslim, Siska; Gardner, Daphne Su‐Lyn; Wu, Yi; Lee, Jeannette; Dam, Rob M. van; Tai, E. Shyong

doi:10.2337/dc10-2097

Cited by 99 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…We have shown that within Asia, South Asians exhibit the greatest insulin resistance, Chinese the least, and Malays are intermediate (4,5). Interestingly, this interethnic difference in insulin resistance was only prominent among lean individuals (2).…”

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Body Fat Partitioning Does Not Explain the Interethnic Variation in Insulin Sensitivity Among Asian Ethnicity: The Singapore Adults Metabolism Study

et al. 2014

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We previously showed that ethnicity modifies the association between adiposity and insulin resistance. We sought to determine whether differential body fat partitioning or abnormalities in muscle insulin signaling associated with higher levels of adiposity might underlie this observation. We measured the insulin sensitivity index (ISI), percentage of body fat (%body fat), visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissue, liver fat, and intramyocellular lipids (IMCL) in 101 Chinese, 82 Malays, and 81 South Asians, as well as phosphorylated (p)-Akt levels in cultured myoblasts from Chinese and South Asians. Lean Chinese and Malays had higher ISI than South Asians. Although the ISI was lower in all ethnic groups when %body fat was higher, this association was stronger in Chinese and Malays, such that no ethnic differences were observed in overweight individuals. These ethnic differences were observed even when %body fat was replaced with fat in other depots. Myoblasts obtained from lean South Asians had lower p-Akt levels than those from lean Chinese. Higher adiposity was associated with lower p-Akt levels in Chinese but not in South Asians, and no ethnic differences were observed in overweight individuals. With higher %body fat, Chinese exhibited smaller increases in deep SAT and IMCL compared with Malays and South Asians, which did not explain the ethnic differences observed. Our study suggests that body fat partitioning does not explain interethnic differences in insulin sensitivity among Asian ethnic groups. Although higher adiposity had greater effect on skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity among Chinese, obesity-independent pathways may be more relevant in South Asians.

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Body Fat Partitioning Does Not Explain the Interethnic Variation in Insulin Sensitivity Among Asian Ethnicity: The Singapore Adults Metabolism Study

et al. 2014

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“…A study by Khoo et al suggested that the impact of BMI and waist circumference on insulin resistance, inflammation and adiponectin is greater in Asian Chinese than in Asian Indians and Malays. (21) This indicates that the risk of obesity-related diseases among the Chinese in our study population may be relatively higher.…”

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confidence: 98%

Prevalence of obesity and its associated risk factors among Chinese adults in a Malaysian suburban village

Chew

Mamot²,

Leong³

et al. 2014

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MeThODs This was a cross-sectional study conducted among the Chinese residents in Seri Kembangan New Village, Klang Valley, Selangor, Malaysia. Convenience sampling was used for the selection of participants. Body weight, height, waist and hip circumferences, and blood pressure were measured. Fasting venous plasma was drawn for the measurement of fasting glucose level and lipid profile. Data on sociodemographic factors, dietary habits, physical activity, perceived stress level and sleep duration were collected using interviewer-administered, pretested and validated questionnaires.ResUlTs Among the 258 Chinese residents (mean age 41.4 ± 10.0 years) recruited, the prevalence of obesity was 40%. The obese participants had significantly higher mean blood pressure, and triglyceride and fasting plasma glucose levels than the non-obese participants (p < 0.05). The obese participants also had a significantly lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level than the non-obese participants. Logistic regression analysis showed that drinking soy milk (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.447; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.253-0.787; p < 0.05) and the perception that a balanced diet consists mainly of vegetables (adjusted OR 0.440; 95% CI 0.215-0.900; p < 0.05) were associated with a reduced risk of obesity. The risk of obesity was higher in younger participants (adjusted OR 2.714; 95% CI 1.225-6.011; p < 0.05). CONClUsIONThe prevalence of obesity was high among the apparently healthy suburban Chinese. Our findings suggest that soy milk consumption and the perception that a balanced diet consists mainly of vegetables are associated with a lower risk of developing obesity in this population.

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“…In a study conducted in Singapore, Khoo et al found that adult T2DM patients of Malay and Indian ethnicities had greater insulin resistance than their Chinese counterparts; this increased insulin resistance was found to be independent of BMI. (32) The Malaysian Adult Nutrition Survey 2003 also reported that the proportion of adult Malays and Indians who engaged in adequate exercise was lower than that of the Chinese and other ethnic groups. (33) In other words, the poor glycaemic control observed may have been due to different lifestyle habits among the ethnic groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of poor glycaemic control in older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Sazlina¹,

Ismail²,

Cheong³

et al. 2015

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Ethnicity Modifies the Relationships of Insulin Resistance, Inflammation, and Adiponectin With Obesity in a Multiethnic Asian Population

Cited by 99 publications

References 24 publications

Body Fat Partitioning Does Not Explain the Interethnic Variation in Insulin Sensitivity Among Asian Ethnicity: The Singapore Adults Metabolism Study

Body Fat Partitioning Does Not Explain the Interethnic Variation in Insulin Sensitivity Among Asian Ethnicity: The Singapore Adults Metabolism Study

Prevalence of obesity and its associated risk factors among Chinese adults in a Malaysian suburban village

Predictors of poor glycaemic control in older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

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