Ethnicity, Culture, and Disaster Response: Identifying and Explaining Ethnic Differences in PTSD Six Months After Hurricane Andrew

Perilla, Julia L.; Norris, Fran H.; Lavizzo, Evelyn A.

doi:10.1521/jscp.21.1.20.22404

Cited by 312 publications

(308 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The post-disaster increases on utilization of general practice services and on psychological problems and physical symptoms were comparable in Turkish and in Dutch victims, whereas the Turkish had higher levels than the Dutch prior to and following the disaster. The finding of an equivalent association between experiencing the disaster and health problems between immigrants and indigenous contradicts the conclusions of many studies (Bolin and Klenow 1988;Galea et al 2004;Garrison et al 1995;Lonigan et al 1991;Perilla et al 2002;Drogendijk et al 2003), which demonstrated that ethnic minority groups were more at risk of psychological problems. The question, however, is how to explain this finding?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…The disaster literature shows that ethnic minority groups have been described with higher rates of post-disaster mental health problems than other groups Bolin and Klenow 1988;Fothergill et al 1999;Galea et al 2004;Garrison et al 1995;La Greca et al 1998;Lonigan et al 1991;Perilla et al 2002). However, these studies did not make use of pre-disaster assessments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does disaster affect immigrant victims more than non-immigrant victims in Dutch general practice: a matched cohort study

et al. 2008

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Background In the literature, immigrant victims appear to be more vulnerable to health effects of a disaster than indigenous victims. Most of these studies were performed without pre-disaster measurement and without using a control group. Aim The objective of the study is to monitor differences between two groups of victims, Turkish immigrants and indigenous Dutch, in utilization and morbidity as presented in general practice after a man-made disaster. Methods A matched cohort study was performed with predisaster (1 year) and post-disaster (4 years) measurements of patients from 30 general practices in Enschede. Turkish victims (N=303) and Dutch victims (N=606), matched on age, gender and socioeconomic status, were included. Main outcome measures were psychological problems and physical symptoms as recorded by the general practitioner, using the International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC). Results The Turkish victims showed higher utilization than the Dutch victims prior to the disaster. In the 1st postdisaster year, both groups of victims showed an increase in utilization, but the increases did not differ significantly. The Turkish group showed no significantly greater increase than the Dutch group in the five most prevalent clusters of health problems (psychological, respiratory, skin, musculoskeletal, and digestive). Conclusion The Turkish victims in general practice were as vulnerable as the Dutch victims for the effects on their health of this man-made disaster. Differences between Turkish and native Dutch victims of this man-made disaster can largely be explained by the differences that existed already before the disaster.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does disaster affect immigrant victims more than non-immigrant victims in Dutch general practice: a matched cohort study

et al. 2008

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“…Measures such as the respondent's proximity to the "epicenter" may be derived geographically but typically are used to group participants who had similar individual experiences and are not intended to reflect extraindividual experience. Three approaches to ecological assessment were demonstrated in this literature: (1) participants have been asked to describe conditions in their neighborhoods or communities 7 ; (2) data have been aggregated "up" from the individual to the neighborhood or community level 8 ; and (3) archival data have been collected that reflect collective loss independent of personal loss. 9,10 In general, such measures tend to have modest effects, yet they often do explain variance in outcomes over and above those of individual-level measures.…”

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confidence: 99%

Disasters in Urban Context

Norris

2002

Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine

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This article provides a brief overview of the field of disaster research, summarizing what is known at present about the prevalence of disasters, the range of stressors and outcomes experienced, and sample-, event-, and individual-level Excluding droughts and war, there are almost 500 incidents annually, worldwide, that meet the definition of a disaster as given by the Red Cross: an event that involves 10 or more deaths, affects 100 or more people, or leads to an appeal to them for assistance. 1 Across these events, 50,000 people die, an additional 74,000 are seriously injured, 5 million are displaced from their homes, and over 80 million are affected in some way. The causes of disasters are many, including natural forces, such as floods, hurricanes, and earthquakes; failures of technology, such as nuclear, industrial, and transportation accidents; and mass violence, such as shooting sprees and peacetime terrorist attacks. Regardless of their cause, disasters damage local infrastructures and strain the ability of local systems to meet the population's basic needs. For the survivors, disasters may engender an array of stressors, including threat to one's life and physical integrity, exposure to the dead and dying, bereavement, profound loss, social and community disruption, and ongoing hardship. As a result of both the high prevalence and high stressfulness of disasters, the question of whether they have an impact on mental health has been of interest for decades, and substantial literature has developed that identifies and explains these effects.Norris and colleagues 2,3 recently attempted to provide a synthesis of this vast body of literature. The review was restricted to quantitative studies published in English between 1981 and 2001 and selected from various databases using the search term disaster(s). That analysis encompassed 160 distinct samples of disaster victims composed of over 60,000 individuals who experienced 102 different events. The range of consequences experienced by these disaster survivors was broad, including various psychological problems, such as depression, anxiety, and (most notably) posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); physical health problems, such as sleepThe author is with the

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“…25 The same phenomena regarding PTSD rates and symptom severity were observed among police officers during a survey conducted by Pole et al in 2001. 26 Perilla, Norris and Lavizzo (2002) 27 found that Latino survivors of Hurricane Andrew had higher rates of storm-related PTSD than survivors from other cultural backgrounds. Furthermore, in the aftermath of September 11, a survey of New York residents revealed that 14% of Hispanics met criteria for PTSD in contrast to 9% of African Americans and 7% of white, non-Hispanic residents.…”

Section: Ptes and Ptsd In The United Statesmentioning

confidence: 64%

Socio-demographic patterns of posttraumatic stress disorder in Medellin, Colombia and the context of lifetime trauma exposure

et al. 2016

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Colombia, South America is currently transitioning to post-conflict status following 6 decades of armed conflict. The population has experienced extensive exposures to potentially traumatic events throughout the lifespan. Sources of trauma exposure include the prolonged armed insurgency, narco-trafficking violence, urban gang violence, violent actions of criminal bands, intra-familial violence, gender-based violence, and sex trafficking. Exposure to potentially traumatic events is related to a variety of psychiatric outcomes, in particular, posttraumatic stress disorder. Given this context of lifetime trauma exposure, socio-demographic patterns of posttraumatic stress disorder were explored in a sample of residents of Medellin, Colombia, the nation's second largest city and a nexus for multiple types of trauma exposure.

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Ethnicity, Culture, and Disaster Response: Identifying and Explaining Ethnic Differences in PTSD Six Months After Hurricane Andrew

Cited by 312 publications

References 39 publications

Does disaster affect immigrant victims more than non-immigrant victims in Dutch general practice: a matched cohort study

Does disaster affect immigrant victims more than non-immigrant victims in Dutch general practice: a matched cohort study

Disasters in Urban Context

Socio-demographic patterns of posttraumatic stress disorder in Medellin, Colombia and the context of lifetime trauma exposure

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