Ethnicity as a tool and nationalities policy as practice: the case of Stavropol krai

Силаев, Н. Ю.

doi:10.1080/23761199.2020.1776957

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Scholars routinely emphasize that Russian state nationalities policy is locked into feigning productivity – whether due to the inertia of the bureaucracy and its intention to frame social issues as exclusively ethnic (Silaev 2020), sordid motives of ethnic entrepreneurs (Shabaev, Rozhkin, and Sadokhin 2014), or lingering Soviet-era legacies and “the folklorisation of politics” (Prina 2018). However, the festival-like nature of Russia’s nationalities policy, with its overreliance on cultural activities among ethnic communities, can be explained through the combination of constraints and working conditions of the street-level bureaucracy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In practice, their meetings served as a mechanism for mobilizing pro-governmental civil society and demonstrating the “unity” between state and society (Berg-Nordlie and Tkach 2016, 195; Myhre and Berg-Nordlie 2016). A session itself was a show with ethnic leaders of nongovernmental organizations reiterating the “discourse of harmony and calmness” (Berg-Nordlie and Tkach 2016, 185; Silaev 2020, 207–208).…”

Section: Street-level Bureaucracy Work Routines In the Department Of ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Producing Kartinka: Street-Level Bureaucracy and Implementation of Russia’s Tolerance Policy in St. Petersburg

Sarkisyan

2022

Nationalities Papers

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In 2006, a “tolerance policy” was launched in St. Petersburg to address the growing xenophobia and the need to integrate labor migrants. Applying a bottom–up perspective, this study finds that this policy was symbolic – aimed at changing public attitudes, not at providing material outcomes. The direct implementers (the street-level bureaucracy), operating under governmental constraints, drew on informal mechanisms: behind-the-scenes negotiations, unwritten rules and hierarchies, personalist power, and ideological cues. Formalized dense reporting, often quantitative, was used to keep low-level implementers in check. The combination of these features rendered the tolerance policy shallow and self-locked. Street-level bureaucracy had to interpret vague policy documents, but lacked the necessary discretionary powers. This gave rise to the kartinka (picture, or image) coping technique. The term describes how all work activities were shaped by the need to demonstrate progress with respect to unwritten rules and ideological dynamics. The article concludes with a discussion of the applicability of the author’s findings to the field of nationalities policy in Russia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Street-level Bureaucracy Work Routines In the Department Of ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Producing Kartinka: Street-Level Bureaucracy and Implementation of Russia’s Tolerance Policy in St. Petersburg

Sarkisyan

2022

Nationalities Papers

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Ethnic Quota-Based Governance and Consociative Model in Kabardino-Balkaria, 1922-2022

ТАТАРОВ¹

2022

Известия СОИГСИ

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На протяжении советского периода и постсоветских десятилетий политическое управление и формирование органов государственной власти на Северном Кавказе опирались на национальную политику, направленную на интеграцию этносов в консоциациях (плюралистических обществах). В статье исследуется построение плюралистических обществ на примере Кабардино-Балкарии и через призму исторического институционализма и анализа порядков ограниченного доступа к ренте. Углубляясь в исторический контекст последних ста лет, автор затрагивает формирование принципов, формальных и неформальных правил, которые становятся апробированными установками и используются советскими и экс-номенклатурными политическими лидерами Кабардино-Балкарии. В контексте институционального подхода этническое представительство предстает как институт, способствующий снижению насилия в борьбе за власть и интегрирующий правящие коалиции в многонациональных политиях. Основной акцент в статье сделан на выявление динамики конфигурации этнического квотирования на региональном уровне в исполнительной и законодательной власти, а также в сфере ключевых должностей. Помимо определения этнических квот как в определенной степени унаследованных советских практик, которые воспроизводятся как в хрупких, так и в базовых социальных порядках, рассматриваются случаи отклонения от общепринятых конфигураций этнического представительства в органах власти и связь девиаций со стабильностью политического урегулирования. Утверждается, что этнические квоты являются важным инструментом сохранения социальной и территориальной интеграции в многонациональной Кабардино-Балкарии на протяжении последних ста лет. Долговременное воспроизводство данного института в Кабардино-Балкарии актуализирует вопросы о сравнении консоциативных регионов Северного Кавказа и причин развития в них разных моделей этнического представительства в политической сфере. Throughout Soviet and post-Soviet decades political management and governance in the North Caucasus have been drawing on features of the nationalities policy aimed at ethnic groups integration in consociations. This paper explores the construction of plural societies on the example of Kabardino-Balkaria and through the prism of historical institutionalism and the analysis of limited-access orders. Delving into centenary historical context, the author explores the formation of principles, formal and informal rules,which became proven attitudes for Soviet and ex-nomenklatura political leaders in Kabardino-Balkaria. In the context of institutional approach, ethnic representation appears as an institution that favors reduction of violence in the struggle for power and integrates ruling coalitions in multinational polities. The main focus is on identifying the dynamics of the ethnic quotas configuration at the regional level in the executive and legislative branches, as well as in key positions. In addition to defining ethnic quotas as, to a certain extent, inherited Soviet practices which are reproduced both in fragile and basic social orders, the paper examines cases of deviation from the conventional proportions of ethnic representation in government bodies of Kabardino-Balkaria causing drastic challenges to the unity of divided societies and the stability of political settlements. It is argued that political ethnic quotas are an important tool in preserving social and territorial integration in multiethnic Kabardino-Balkaria over the past hundred years. The long-term reproduction of this institution actualizes the issues of comparing consociative regions of the North Caucasus and different models of ethnic-quota based governance.

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Ethnicity as a tool and nationalities policy as practice: the case of Stavropol krai

Cited by 2 publications

References 25 publications

Producing Kartinka: Street-Level Bureaucracy and Implementation of Russia’s Tolerance Policy in St. Petersburg

Producing Kartinka: Street-Level Bureaucracy and Implementation of Russia’s Tolerance Policy in St. Petersburg

Ethnic Quota-Based Governance and Consociative Model in Kabardino-Balkaria, 1922-2022

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