Ethnicity and the Mental Health Act 1983

Singh, Swaran P.; Greenwood, Nan; White, Sarah; Churchill, Rachel

doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.106.030346

Cited by 104 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…For example, London has consistently higher rates of compulsory in-patient treatment compared with the rest of England. 5 Previous studies of psychiatric in-patient treatment have demonstrated higher rates among younger adults, 6,7 and those of Black and minority ethnicity, 8,9 as well as in urban environments and areas of social deprivation. [10][11][12][13] However, a multilevel analysis of the rate of compulsory in-patient treatment identified that the majority of the variation in rates occurred at the individual level according to variables such as age and ethnicity.…”

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confidence: 99%

Rates of voluntary and compulsory psychiatric in-patient treatment in England: An ecological study investigating associations with deprivation and demographics

et al. 2016

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Mental health services in England have been transformed over the past three decades through the transfer of most care from hospital to the community, where services are available 24 hours a day. [1][2][3][4] It is therefore surprising that detentions under the Mental Health Act have risen steadily over the same time period. This has reached the point that with the declining number of beds, it is the norm for the majority of in-patients on many National Health Service (NHS) psychiatric wards to be detained at any point in time. The reasons for this remain unclear, and are complicated by spatial variation. For example, London has consistently higher rates of compulsory in-patient treatment compared with the rest of England.5 Previous studies of psychiatric in-patient treatment have demonstrated higher rates among younger adults, 6,7 and those of Black and minority ethnicity, 8,9 as well as in urban environments and areas of social deprivation. [10][11][12][13] However, a multilevel analysis of the rate of compulsory in-patient treatment identified that the majority of the variation in rates occurred at the individual level according to variables such as age and ethnicity.14 Area-level deprivation and ethnic density were also factors, but there was no independent effect of London once individual and area-level variables had been adjusted for. Our aims were therefore to record the rate of psychiatric in-patient treatment (voluntary and compulsory) in England in 2010/11 and describe the variation between rural and urban settings; to investigate whether the variation in these rates of in-patient treatment in rural and urban settings correlated with variations in levels of deprivation, ethnic density and age; and we hypothesised that differences in age, ethnic density and deprivation between urban and rural areas would explain differing rates of in-patient treatment. Method DesignThis was an ecological study based on secondary analysis of routinely collected national data. The proportion of adults who spent time as a psychiatric in-patient during a 1-year period was the outcome measure. Information on in-patient treatment was gathered from the Mental Health Minimum Dataset (MHMDS) for the year 2010/11. Data from the MHMDS was linked to corresponding demographic data from the Office for National Statistics 15 enabling rates to be calculated, and other variables to be measured including population age structure, ethnic density and levels of deprivation.The year studied was 2010/11. The population data used was the mid-2011 population estimates from the Office for National Statistics based on the results of the 2011 census. The 2010 Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) median score for each primary care trust (PCT) was used as a measure of arealevel deprivation (sourced from http://www.communities.gov.uk/ publications/corporate/statistics/indices2010).The setting was PCTs (geographically defined areas with a mean population size of 350 000, in which primary and secondary care NHS services were organised) in England. These ...

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confidence: 99%

Rates of voluntary and compulsory psychiatric in-patient treatment in England: An ecological study investigating associations with deprivation and demographics

et al. 2016

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“…The finding that a higher proportion of non-Irish nationals admitted into mental health settings were admitted involuntarily can be explained by diagnostic factors, specifically diagnosis of schizophrenia. This finding warrants further investigation to determine whether immigrant groups in Ireland are more susceptible to serious mental illness, as has been found in other western countries (Singh, 2007).…”

Section: Practice Of Involuntary Admissionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Five years after implementation: A review of the Irish Mental Health Act 2001

Ramsay¹,

Roche

O’Donoghue

2013

International Journal of Law and Psychiatry

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“…For assessment of methodological quality we used a scoring system (see Table 2), which has already been used and adapted by other reviewers before (Bhui et al, 2003;Singh et al, 2007). The scoring system addresses five aspects of methodological quality: data source and design, sample size, adjustment for confounding variables, quality of categorization of ethnicity, use of ethnicity in the analysis and operationalization of psychotic disorders.…”

Section: Assessment Of Methodological Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnic variations in psychotic disorders in the criminal justice system: A systematic review

Denzel

Esch

Harte

et al. 2016

Aggression and Violent Behavior

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Ethnicity and the Mental Health Act 1983

Abstract: Although BME status predicts psychiatric detention in the UK, most explanations offered for the excess detention of BME patients are largely unsupported.

Cited by 104 publications

References 52 publications

Rates of voluntary and compulsory psychiatric in-patient treatment in England: An ecological study investigating associations with deprivation and demographics

Rates of voluntary and compulsory psychiatric in-patient treatment in England: An ecological study investigating associations with deprivation and demographics

Five years after implementation: A review of the Irish Mental Health Act 2001

Ethnic variations in psychotic disorders in the criminal justice system: A systematic review

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