Ethnicity and gender in scales of psychosis proneness and mood disorders.

Chmielewski, Phillip M.; Fernandes, Leyan O. L.; Yee, Cindy M.; Miller, Gregory A.

doi:10.1037/0021-843x.104.3.464

Cited by 74 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…While gender differences in multiple schizotypy domains were expected, the isolated finding pertaining to social anhedonia was consistent with previous research demonstrating that males score higher on scales reflecting social anhedonia (Chapman et al, 1976;Chmielewski et al, 1995;Claridge et al, 1996;Kwapil et al, 2008;Muntaner et al, 1988). The relationship between race/ethnicity and PAS scores was consistent with some prior research, while the association between race/ethnicity and RSAS scores was contradictory (Chmielewski et al, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Schizotypal domains appear to manifest consistently across racial/ethnic groups (Chmielewski et al, 1995). Associations between higher levels of schizotypy and fewer social supports, poorer overall social adjustment, lower rates of dating or marriage, and lower quality of intimate relationships have been reported (Horan et al, 2007;Kwapil et al, 2008;Mishlove and Chapman, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Associations Between Multiple Dimensions of Schizotypy and Sociodemographic Variables in a Nonpsychiatric Sample of Young Adults

Tone

Compton

2009

Journal of Nervous &Amp; Mental Disease

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Associations Between Multiple Dimensions of Schizotypy and Sociodemographic Variables in a Nonpsychiatric Sample of Young Adults

Tone

Compton

2009

Journal of Nervous &Amp; Mental Disease

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“…The mean scores obtained by the participants on the four scales of psychosis proneness, PerAb (M=4.98, SD=5.57), MagId (M = 8.05, SD = 5.40), PhyAn (M = 10.41, SD=6.19), and SocAn (M=6.78, SD=5.07), were similar to each other in range and distribution and similar to scores obtained in a very large undergraduate sample (Chmielewski et al, 1995). The emotion interference manipulation was successful: emotional words were associated with delayed responses, with both positive words and negative words reliably showing interference (positive interference mean=9 ms, SD=42 ms, t(159)=2.63, p=.009; negative interference mean=19 ms, SD=49 ms, t(159) =4.84, p<.001).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Specificity of emotion-related effects on attentional processing in schizotypy

Mohanty

Heller

Koven

et al. 2008

Schizophrenia Research

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Objectives-In the schizophrenia spectrum, cognitive functions such as perception, language, and attention have been shown to be adversely influenced by negative affect. The present study addressed three issues of specificity and one issue of mechanism regarding affect-related attentional disruption in schizotypy: (1) Is attentional disturbance from negative affective stimuli specific to positive (PS) but not negative schizotypy (NS)? (2) Do positive affective stimuli also foster attentional disturbance? (3) Are anxiety and depression differentially related to PS and NS? (4) Whatever the degree of specificity in these relationships, does anxiety mediate the relationship between schizotypy and attentional disturbance?Methods-Nonpatient participants (N=162) provided responses on scales of schizotypy, anxiety, and depression and performed an emotional Stroop task, judging the ink color of positive, neutral, and negative words.Results-PS but not NS was associated with poorer attentional performance. This attentional disturbance was specific to negative words. PS was associated with anxiety and depression, whereas NS was associated only with depression. Finally, anxiety and depression did not fully mediate the relationship between PS and attentional interference related to negative affective stimuli.* Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 312 503 1749; fax: +1 312 908 8789. Conflict of interestAll authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. ContributorsAll authors were involved in data collection. Aprajita Mohanty designed the study, conducted literature searches and statistical analyses, and was the primary author of the manuscript. Gregory Miller and Wendy Heller contributed to writing it and provided laboratory resources, funding, and oversight. Nancy Koven was also involved in designing the study. All authors contributed to and have approved the final manuscript. Conclusions-Findings of attentional disturbance in the presence of negative affective stimuli, particularly in positive schizotypy, have substantial theoretical implications. They provide a path by which the interplay of cognitive and affective phenomena could lead to the formation, maintenance, and exacerbation of positive symptoms, including delusions and hallucinations. Findings from this study also underscore the importance of examining the differential contribution of comorbid anxiety and depression to cognitive and affective function in the schizophrenia spectrum. NIH Public Access

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“…This selection method has been established in previous studies. 9,11,21 Prior research 76 has shown significant racial group differences on the SocAnh Scale, with Caucasians having the lowest mean scores, as well as significant gender differences, with men scoring higher than women. Thus, SD cut-offs were determined separately for each gender and Caucasian vs other racial groups (other racial groups were collapsed into 1 minority category as some racial groups were too small to conduct individual analyses).…”

Section: Participant Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%