Ethnicity and covid-19

Patel, Parth; Hiam, Lucinda; Sowemimo, Annabel; Devakumar, Delan; McKee, Martin

doi:10.1136/bmj.m2282

Cited by 83 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…US counties with majority black residents showed three times the rate of COVID-19 cases and six times the rate of deaths as counties with majority white residents (27). A study conducted in the UK similarly found that mortality rates in COVID-19 patients were twice as high in Bangladeshi communities and 10-50% higher in other ethnic minority communities when compared to the white British population (28).…”

Section: Demographics Related Factors In Sle and Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 93%

COVID-19 and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Focus on Immune Response and Therapeutics

Spihlman

Gadi

et al. 2020

Front. Immunol.

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The SARS-CoV-2 novel coronavirus has caused the COVID-19 pandemic with over 35 million cases and over a million deaths worldwide as of early October 2020. The populations most affected are the elderly and especially those with underlying comorbidities. In terms of race and ethnicity, black and hispanic populations are affected at disproportionately higher rates. Individuals with underlying conditions that cause an immune-compromised state are considered vulnerable to this infection. The immune response is an important determinant in viral infections including coronaviruses, not only in the antiviral defense but also in the disease progression, severity, and clinical outcomes of COVID-19. Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic autoimmune disease which also disproportionately afflicts black and hispanic populations. In lupus patients, an aberrant immune response is characterized by the presence of circulating autoantibodies, lymphopenia, aberrant T cells, and proinflammatory cytokines along with defective regulatory mechanisms, leading to immune-mediated damage to tissues. Lupus patients are often treated with immune-suppressants and therefore are immunecompromised and more susceptible to infections and may be vulnerable to coronavirus infection. While the anti-viral immune response is important to protect from coronavirus infection, an uncontrolled proinflammatory cytokine response can lead to cytokine storm which causes damage to the lungs and other organs, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Better understanding of the underlying immune response and therapeutic strategies in lupus and COVID-19 is important to guide management of this deadly infectious disease in the context of lupus and vice-versa.

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Section: Demographics Related Factors In Sle and Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 93%

COVID-19 and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Focus on Immune Response and Therapeutics

Spihlman

Gadi

et al. 2020

Front. Immunol.

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“…The delay was discussed on June 25th, 2020, at a London Assembly Health Committee enquiry, 5 during which one of the authors of the report, Dr Kevin Fenton, was unable to offer any reason for the hold up once the report had been submitted to Government ministers. In a June 11th British Medical Journal editorial, moreover, Patel et al (2020) described the government's lack of attention to ethnic disparities as a 'serious missed opportunity' to address ethnic disparities. This reflected the curious condition of a historically specific post-racial period marking the morbidity of UK race politics where race is a public issue but also being concealed or hidden at the same time.…”

Section: Political Morbiditiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racist morbidities: a conjunctural analysis of the COVID-19 pandemic

Murji

Picker

2020

European Societies

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This article outlines an argument about the morbid character of racism in the time of COVID-19. Drawing on Antonio Gramsci's famous characterisation of the crisis as an 'interregnum' in which various 'morbid phenomena' appear, we suggest that one of the main underpinning logics of the current crisis could be thought of in terms of racist morbidities. Framing the article within Stuart Hall's reading of Gramsci and David Theo Goldberg's understanding of the postracial, we discuss two empirical cases: the disproportionate morbid effects of the pandemic on Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) in the UKthat we name 'political morbidities', and the Moscow municipality's measures addressing migrant workers during the pandemicthat we name 'socio-spatial morbidities'. The COVID-19 crisis, we conclude, seems to elicit racist morbidities in post-racial guises.

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“…Many other professionals important to the mental health care of people with intellectual disabilities and developmental disorders, such as those working in primary care and pharmacists, were not included in the sample. Future work should also aim to increase participation rates of non-white staff groups given what is now known about the impact of COVID-19 on their overall health and their importance as key workers (Patel et al 2020).…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental healthcare and service user impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: results of a UK survey of staff working with people with intellectual disability and developmental disorders

Sheehan

Dalton-Locke

Ali

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Very little is known about the impact of previous epidemics on the care of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities, particularly in terms of mental health services. The COVID-19 pandemic has the potential to exacerbate existing health inequalities as well as expose gaps in service provision for this vulnerable population group. Methods We investigated the responses of 648 staff working in mental healthcare with people with intellectual disabilities and/or developmental disabilities. Participants contributed to a UK-wide online survey undertaken by the National Institute for Health Research Mental Health Policy Research Unit between 22nd April and 12th May 2020. Recruitment was via professional networks, social media and third sector organisations. Quantitative data describing staff experience over three domains (challenges at work, service user and carer problems, sources of help at work) were summarised and differences between groups explored using Chi square tests. Content analysis was used to organise qualitative data focusing on service changes in response to the pandemic. Results The majority of survey respondents worked in the NHS and in community mental health services. One third had managerial responsibility. Major concerns expressed by mental healthcare staff were: difficulties for service users due to lack of access to usual support networks and health and social care services during the pandemic; and difficulties maintaining adequate levels of support secondary to increased service user need. Staff reported having to quickly adopt new digital ways of working was challenging; nevertheless, free text responses identified remote working as the innovation that staff would most like to retain after the pandemic subsides. Conclusions Understanding the experiences of staff working across different settings in mental healthcare for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic is essential in guiding contingency planning and fostering service developments to ensure the health of this vulnerable group is protected in any future disease outbreaks.

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Ethnicity and covid-19

Abstract: Public Health England's review of disparities in covid-19 is a serious missed opportunity

Cited by 83 publications

References 2 publications

COVID-19 and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Focus on Immune Response and Therapeutics

COVID-19 and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Focus on Immune Response and Therapeutics

Racist morbidities: a conjunctural analysis of the COVID-19 pandemic

Mental healthcare and service user impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: results of a UK survey of staff working with people with intellectual disability and developmental disorders

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