Ethnic/Racial and Genetic Influences on Cerumen Odorant Profiles

Prokop-Prigge, Katharine A.; Mansfield, Corrine; Parker, M. Rockwell; Thaler, Erica R.; Grice, Elizabeth A.; Wysocki, Charles J.; Preti, George

doi:10.1007/s10886-014-0533-y

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…TT homozygous individuals for the G180R variant produce significantly less characteristic axillary odor than both heterozygous (CT) and homozygous (CC) individuals (Harker et al 2014; Inoue et al 2010; Martin et al 2010; Nakano et al 2009). Previous findings from our laboratory highlighted marked ethnic differences in cerumen VOCs between individuals of Caucasian, East Asian, and African American descent (Prokop-Prigge et al 2014, 2015). Our current work extends that of previous reports, both ours and that of others, and investigates the influence of ethnicity on the relative amounts of axillary VOCs produced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 61%

The Effect of Ethnicity on Human Axillary Odorant Production

et al. 2015

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Previous findings from our laboratory highlighted marked ethnic differences in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from cerumen among individuals of Caucasian, East Asian, and African-American descent, based, in part, on genetic differences in a gene that codes for a transport protein, which is a member of the ATP-binding cassette transporter, sub-family C, member 11 (ABCC11). In the current work, we hypothesized that axillary odorants produced by East Asians would differ markedly from those obtained from individuals of European or African descent based on the pattern of ethnic diversity that exists in ABCC11. Using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) we examined differences in axillary odorant VOCs among 30 individuals of African-American, Caucasian, and East Asian descent with respect to their ABCC11 genotype. While no qualitative differences in the type of axillary odorants were observed across ethnic groups, we found that characteristic axillary odorants varied quantitatively with respect to ethnic origin. We propose that ABCC11 is not solely responsible for predicting the relative amounts of volatiles found in axillary secretions and that other biochemical pathways must be involved.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 61%

The Effect of Ethnicity on Human Axillary Odorant Production

et al. 2015

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“…We identified differences of underarm microbiome in the East Asian population as compared to the two other race/ethnic groups. Differences in human odour profiles between races were also observed in multiple body sites including the cerumen, hand and axillary in studies conducted by others [11,21,22]. The difference in odour profiles may be due to the genetic variations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

The influence of age, gender and race/ethnicity on the composition of the human axillary microbiome

Budding

Lugt-Degen³

et al. 2019

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

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Objective The microbial community plays an important role in the generation of human axillary odour by transforming odourless natural secretions into volatile odorous molecules. A limited number of traditional culturing methods and molecular based research have been performed to characterize the human axillary microbiome in small collection sample sizes. Moreover, only a few have considered the interpersonal variations across age, gender or race/ethnicity, and none have included all three variables within one single study. The aim of this study was to characterize the axillary microbiome of healthy subjects across different age groups, genders and races/ethnicities in a large sample size. Methods The underarm skin swab samples were collected from 169 healthy subjects. The axillary microbiome was analysed by IS‐pro, a clinically validated high‐throughput DNA fingerprinting technique. Results The results indicate that the senior subjects (55+) tend to have a higher number of total bacterial than younger adults (of a defined age). The diversity of odour causing bacteria, e.g. corynebacteria, increases with age. Among the three races/ethnicities studied, East Asians have a unique microbial composition compared to Caucasians and Hispanics, which may contribute to the different odour profiles observed among the races/ethnicities studied. Conclusion Human axillary microbiome varies by age, gender and race/ethnicity. This study has provided an unprecedented fundamental knowledge about the axillary microbiota as a function of age, gender and race/ethnicity.

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“…This volatile repertoire is of paramount importance with evidence that they can direct host-vector specificity (Smallegange et al, 2011 ; Davis et al, 2013 ). The variation in the host chemical production thus causes differential attractiveness to vectors between species and in turn, the bacterial profiles differ according to human genetic background (Benson et al, 2010 ; Prokop-Prigge et al, 2015 ). Microbial composition can be affected by diet and other management strategies, such as those used for beef and dairy cattle (Durso et al, 2012 ; Thoetkiattikul et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Microbiota Role In Tick Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Cattle Tick Rhipicephalus microplus-Host Interface: A Review of Resistant and Susceptible Host Responses

Tabor

Ali

Rehman

et al. 2017

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

102

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Ticks are able to transmit tick-borne infectious agents to vertebrate hosts which cause major constraints to public and livestock health. The costs associated with mortality, relapse, treatments, and decreased production yields are economically significant. Ticks adapted to a hematophagous existence after the vertebrate hemostatic system evolved into a multi-layered defense system against foreign invasion (pathogens and ectoparasites), blood loss, and immune responses. Subsequently, ticks evolved by developing an ability to suppress the vertebrate host immune system with a devastating impact particularly for exotic and crossbred cattle. Host genetics defines the immune responsiveness against ticks and tick-borne pathogens. To gain an insight into the naturally acquired resistant and susceptible cattle breed against ticks, studies have been conducted comparing the incidence of tick infestation on bovine hosts from divergent genetic backgrounds. It is well-documented that purebred and crossbred Bos taurus indicus cattle are more resistant to ticks and tick-borne pathogens compared to purebred European Bos taurus taurus cattle. Genetic studies identifying Quantitative Trait Loci markers using microsatellites and SNPs have been inconsistent with very low percentages relating phenotypic variation with tick infestation. Several skin gene expression and immunological studies have been undertaken using different breeds, different samples (peripheral blood, skin with tick feeding), infestation protocols and geographic environments. Susceptible breeds were commonly found to be associated with the increased expression of toll like receptors, MHC Class II, calcium binding proteins, and complement factors with an increased presence of neutrophils in the skin following tick feeding. Resistant breeds had higher levels of T cells present in the skin prior to tick infestation and thus seem to respond to ticks more efficiently. The skin of resistant breeds also contained higher numbers of eosinophils, mast cells and basophils with up-regulated proteases, cathepsins, keratins, collagens and extracellular matrix proteins in response to feeding ticks. Here we review immunological and molecular determinants that explore the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus-host resistance phenomenon as well as contemplating new insights and future directions to study tick resistance and susceptibility, in order to facilitate interventions for tick control.

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Ethnic/Racial and Genetic Influences on Cerumen Odorant Profiles

Cited by 16 publications

References 52 publications

The Effect of Ethnicity on Human Axillary Odorant Production

The Effect of Ethnicity on Human Axillary Odorant Production

The influence of age, gender and race/ethnicity on the composition of the human axillary microbiome

Cattle Tick Rhipicephalus microplus-Host Interface: A Review of Resistant and Susceptible Host Responses

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