Ethnic minority health in Vietnam: a review exposing horizontal inequity

Målqvist, Mats; Hoa, Dinh Thi Phuong; Liêm, Nguyễn Thanh; Thorson, Anna; Thomsen, Sarah

doi:10.3402/gha.v6i0.19803

Cited by 47 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The reason for the high rate of LBW and prematurity in our study requires further investigation. The high rates may be partially explained by our study being conducted in a referral hospital, with preterm births being referred from smaller health facilities; or that the study participants are ethnic minority newborns, who are known to have poorer nutritional status and have worse birth outcomes compared with their Kinh counterparts [ 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foot Length, Chest Circumference, and Mid Upper Arm Circumference Are Good Predictors of Low Birth Weight and Prematurity in Ethnic Minority Newborns in Vietnam: A Hospital-Based Observational Study

et al. 2015

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BackgroundThe evaluation of tools to accurately identify low birth weight (LBW) and/or premature newborns in resource-limited countries is a research priority. We explored the use of foot length, chest circumference, and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) measured within 24 h as diagnostic tools for identifying newborns who are LBW, premature, or both; and compared measurements taken at birth with those taken at five days of age.Materials and MethodsAn observational study was undertaken in Hoa Binh Province General Hospital, Vietnam, in ethnic minority newborns. Birth weight, foot length, chest circumference, and MUAC were measured within 24 h of birth and in a subset of 200, were repeated on day five of life. Gestational age was estimated using the New Ballard Score. Receiver Operating Characteristic curves and optimal cut-points (the point with the highest sensitivity and specificity where the sensitivity was at least 0.8) were calculated, for predicting prematurity, LBW, and both. Measurements within 24 h and at five days of life were compared.Results485 newborns were recruited. Chest circumference and MUAC measured within 24 h of birth were found to be highly predictive of LBW (both yielding area under the curve [AUC] of 0.98, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.96–0.99), and performed marginally better than foot length (AUC 0.94, 95%CI 0.92–0.96). The optimal cut-points for measurements within 24 h of birth were ≤7.4cm for foot length; ≤30.4cm for chest circumference; and ≤ 9.0cm for MUAC. There was statistical evidence that anthropometric measurements taken within 24 h of birth were higher than measurements on day five (p<0.02 for all anthropometric measurements) but the magnitude of these differences was small (at most 2mm).ConclusionsAll measurements taken within 24 h of birth were good predictors of LBW, prematurity and both. Differences in measurements taken within 24 h and on day five were not clinically relevant. Further research will ensure that the application of these measures is reliable in community settings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foot Length, Chest Circumference, and Mid Upper Arm Circumference Are Good Predictors of Low Birth Weight and Prematurity in Ethnic Minority Newborns in Vietnam: A Hospital-Based Observational Study

et al. 2015

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“…In part because of lack of access to basic health services, but also because of lack of use of those that are accessible, rates of diarrheal infection and parasitic infestation in the mountainous regions of Vietnam are high (Målqvist et al 2013;Verle et al 2003; World Bank 2015). These high rates are linked to the prevalence of open defecation, use of untreated human feces for fertilizer, a preference for raw fish and fresh uncooked salads, and lack of personal hygiene practices that could mitigate the effect of a dirty environment.…”

Section: Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent Malnutrition in Ethnic Minority Communities of Vietnam: Issues and Options for Policy and Interventions

Mbuya¹,

Atwood²,

Phuong³

2019

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Books in this series are published to communicate the results of Bank research, analysis, and operational experience with the least possible delay. The extent of language editing varies from book to book. This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved.

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“…Our review was able to confirm this for the Indonesian context. A review on ethnic minority health in Vietnam identified health care seeking behavior, utilization of maternal and child health services and nutrition as main areas along which ethnic health inequities evolve [ 133 ]. A review on disadvantaged populations in China likewise identified ethnicity as a strong determinant for insufficient knowledge of reproductive health matters, reduced rates of facility based deliveries and poor maternal health in general [ 134 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Millennium Development Goal Four and Child Health Inequities in Indonesia: A Systematic Review of the Literature

et al. 2015

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IntroductionMillennium Development Goal (MDG) 4 calls for reducing mortality of children under-five years by two-thirds by 2015. Indonesia is on track to officially meet the MDG 4 targets by 2015 but progress has been far from universal. It has been argued that national level statistics, on which MDG 4 relies, obscure persistent health inequities within the country. Particularly inequities in child health are a major global public health challenge both for achieving MDG 4 in 2015 and beyond. This review aims to map out the situation of MDG 4 with respect to disadvantaged populations in Indonesia applying the Social Determinants of Health (SDH) framework. The specific objectives are to answer: Who are the disadvantaged populations? Where do they live? And why and how is the inequitable distribution of health explained in terms of the SDH framework?Methods and FindingsWe retrieved studies through a systematic review of peer-reviewed and gray literature published in 1995-2014. The PRISMA-Equity 2012 statement was adapted to guide the methods of this review. The dependent variables were MDG 4-related indicators; the independent variable “disadvantaged populations” was defined by different categories of social differentiation using PROGRESS. Included texts were analyzed following the guidelines for deductive content analysis operationalized on the basis of the SDH framework. We identified 83 studies establishing evidence on more than 40 different determinants hindering an equitable distribution of child health in Indonesia. The most prominent determinants arise from the shortcomings within the rural health care system, the repercussions of food poverty coupled with low health literacy among parents, the impact of low household decision-making power of mothers, and the consequences of high persistent use of traditional birth attendants among ethnic minorities.ConclusionThis review calls for enhanced understanding of the determinants and pathways that create, detain, and overcome inequities in child health in resource constraint settings like Indonesia and the promotion of actionable health policy recommendations and tailored investments.

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Ethnic minority health in Vietnam: a review exposing horizontal inequity

Cited by 47 publications

References 55 publications

Foot Length, Chest Circumference, and Mid Upper Arm Circumference Are Good Predictors of Low Birth Weight and Prematurity in Ethnic Minority Newborns in Vietnam: A Hospital-Based Observational Study

Foot Length, Chest Circumference, and Mid Upper Arm Circumference Are Good Predictors of Low Birth Weight and Prematurity in Ethnic Minority Newborns in Vietnam: A Hospital-Based Observational Study

Persistent Malnutrition in Ethnic Minority Communities of Vietnam: Issues and Options for Policy and Interventions

Millennium Development Goal Four and Child Health Inequities in Indonesia: A Systematic Review of the Literature

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