Ethnic Minority Health and Employment: Ethnic Differences in the Protective Effect of Close Social Ties

Abstract

First-and second-generation Turkish and Moroccan migrants living in the Netherlands have a disproportionate incidence of health problems and relatively low employment rates. Health problems are an obstacle to employment, yet there is no one-to-one correspondence between health problems and capability to work. Social ties can reduce the negative impact of health problems on employment by providing social support and providing the comfort of feeling embedded in a close social circle. In this study, we examine whether the assumed negative impact of health problems on employment is reduced by the number of close social ties, the quantity of contact, and the proportion of co-ethnics among close social ties, and whether this protective effect varies across ethnic groups. Using survey data from the Netherlands Longitudinal Lifecourse Study (N = 3911), we find that close social ties reduce the negative impact of health problems on employment. However, this protective effect depends on both the aspect of social ties which is considered and ethnic background of the individual. Quantity of contact has a protective effect for native Dutch individuals; number of social ties and a higher proportion of co-ethnics had a protective effect for Moroccan individuals, and social ties have no protective effect for Turkish individuals.

Effects of Resilience and Acculturation Stress on Integration and Social Competence of Migrant Children and Adolescents in Northern Chile

“…It has been found that economic insecurity; the denial of access to decent jobs; and the low quality health care, housing, and educational services provided by countries to their migrant populations can even be described as a human rights violation. The violation of human rights significantly hinders the development of belonging, affiliation, approval, and recognition associated with a host culture [ 1 , 67 ].…”

“…Resilient attitudinal dispositions in migrant students may be especially related to the quality of bonds and perceived social support in family and educational contexts. Some studies suggest that parents and teachers can be important models of resilience, favoring the social integration and participation of their children or students and the development of meaningful bonds with their peers, even when an adverse environment exists [ 40 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 ]. Although resilience is rarely the result of in-school interventions alone, the various programs/training, such as Psychosocial Structured Activities [ 74 ] ‘Be yourself and have a ball’ [ 75 ], and the Hong Kong Healthy School Award [ 76 ], converge in focusing their efforts on strengthening student engagement with school and increasing personal skills.…”