Ethnic Minorities’ Perceptions of COVID-19 Vaccines and Challenges in the Pandemic: A Qualitative Study to Inform COVID-19 Prevention Interventions

Zhou, Shuo; Villalobos, Jennifer Paola; Munoz, Alondra; Bull, Sheana

doi:10.1080/10410236.2022.2093557

Cited by 12 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…All 14 studies [ 10 , 15 , 17 , 18 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ] included in this analysis mentioned the construct of mistrust as a reason for vaccine hesitancy among African American and Black individuals. The following sub-themes were the most frequent types of mistrust mentioned in the literature: (a) historical mistrust, (b) mistrust of the vaccine development process, and (c) contemporary mistrust.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Vaccine Hesitancy among African American and Black Individuals in the United States of America: A Systematic Literature Review

Savoia,

Masterson,

Olander

et al. 2024

Vaccines

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Despite the crucial role the COVID-19 vaccine played in curbing the pandemic, a significant portion of Black and African American individuals expressed hesitancy toward being vaccinated. This review aimed to identify the determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among Black and African American individuals in the U.S. The literature search was conducted in December 2022 according to the PRISMA criteria focusing on empirical studies. Data extraction methods, critical appraisal, and secondary thematic analysis were conducted on both quantitative and qualitative studies. Sixteen quantitative studies identified the key factors associated with vaccine hesitancy, such as confidence in vaccine effectiveness, safety, and trust in the healthcare system. Fourteen qualitative studies revealed major themes of mistrust, fear, and information needs, including historical mistrust, concerns about the vaccine development process, and contemporary institutional mistrust. The synthesis of quantitative and qualitative findings derived from this review provides a nuanced understanding of the determinants of vaccine hesitancy in Black and African American communities in the U.S., offering a foundation for the development of evidence-based interventions. Mistrust in the healthcare system, fear, and informational gaps on vaccine safety and effectiveness were identified as significant barriers to vaccination, demanding targeted interventions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Vaccine Hesitancy among African American and Black Individuals in the United States of America: A Systematic Literature Review

Savoia,

Masterson,

Olander

et al. 2024

Vaccines

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show abstract

“…[3][4][5][6][7]10,18,23 Many qualitative studies have highlighted the value of engaging individuals within cultural communities for collective knowledge of best practice techniques for communication and outreach. [14][15][16][17]19,[22][23][24] Patient, community or social group, and health-system-associated factors may influence vaccine uptake or hesitancy. Language preference correlates with cultural health beliefs, social determinants of health and barriers to care in refugee, immigrant, and migrant communities.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prior studies have named systemic, institutional, and structural racism as systemic factors for disparities in vaccine uptake in minoritized groups . Many qualitative studies have highlighted the value of engaging individuals within cultural communities for collective knowledge of best practice techniques for communication and outreach …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Preferred Language and Timing of COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake and Disease Outcomes

et al. 2023

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ImportanceBeyond traditional race and ethnicity demographic characteristics, additional discrete data variables are needed for informed health interventions in the US.ObjectiveTo examine whether COVID-19 vaccine uptake patterns and associated disease outcomes differ among language preference groups.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA cohort study of 851 410 individuals aged 18 years or older in a large multispecialty health system in Minnesota and western Wisconsin was conducted between December 15, 2020, and March 31, 2022.ExposureSelf-identified language preference and limited English proficiency (LEP) as measured by interpreter need were used to create subgroups using US census categories and attention to capture languages known to represent refugee groups.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was COVID-19 vaccination uptake rates and time to first vaccine. Secondary outcomes were rates of COVID-19–associated hospitalization and death.ResultsMost of the 851 410 participants (women, 493 910 [58.0%]; median age, 29 [IQR, 35-64] years) were US-born English speakers; 7.5% were born in other countries, 4.0% had a language preference other than English (LPOE), and 3.0% indicated LEP as measured by interpreter need. Marked temporal clusters were observed for COVID-19 vaccination uptake, hospitalizations, and deaths associated with primary series vaccine eligibility, booster availability, and COVID-19 variants. Delayed first-dose vaccine was observed with LPOE (hazard ratio [HR], 0.83; 95% CI, 0.82-0.84) and interpreter need (HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.80-0.82) compared with those with English language preference and proficiency. Patients with LPOE were approximately twice as likely to be hospitalized (rate ratio [RR], 1.85; 95% CI, 1.63-2.08) or die (RR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.65-2.69). Patients with LEP experienced even higher rates of hospitalization (RR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.73-2.25) and COVID-19–associated death (RR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.79-2.95). Outcomes varied for individual language preference groups.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, delayed time to first-dose vaccine was associated with increased COVID-19 hospitalization and death rates for specific LPOE and LEP groups. The findings suggest that data collection of language preference and interpreter need provides actionable health intervention information. Standardized system-level data collection, including at a national level, may improve efficient identification of social groups with disproportionate health disparities and provide key information on improving health equity in the US.

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“…We conducted in-depth interviews with 18 ethnic minority participants to understand their attitudes and concerns about COVID-19 vaccines. 45 The research team initially created two or three versions of responses for each intent and then randomly selected 25 draft responses from the repository for each participant to evaluate and provide comments. We asked what they liked or disliked about the initial version of the messages and what suggestions they had for optimizing the messages to be more readable and culturally relevant.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An artificially intelligent, natural language processing chatbot designed to promote COVID-19 vaccination: A proof-of-concept pilot study

et al. 2023

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Objective Our goal is to establish the feasibility of using an artificially intelligent chatbot in diverse healthcare settings to promote COVID-19 vaccination. Methods We designed an artificially intelligent chatbot deployed via short message services and web-based platforms. Guided by communication theories, we developed persuasive messages to respond to users’ COVID-19-related questions and encourage vaccination. We implemented the system in healthcare settings in the U.S. between April 2021 and March 2022 and logged the number of users, topics discussed, and information on system accuracy in matching responses to user intents. We regularly reviewed queries and reclassified responses to better match responses to query intents as COVID-19 events evolved. Results A total of 2479 users engaged with the system, exchanging 3994 COVID-19 relevant messages. The most popular queries to the system were about boosters and where to get a vaccine. The system's accuracy rate in matching responses to user queries ranged from 54% to 91.1%. Accuracy lagged when new information related to COVID emerged, such as that related to the Delta variant. Accuracy increased when we added new content to the system. Conclusions It is feasible and potentially valuable to create chatbot systems using AI to facilitate access to current, accurate, complete, and persuasive information on infectious diseases. Such a system can be adapted to use with patients and populations needing detailed information and motivation to act in support of their health.

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Ethnic Minorities’ Perceptions of COVID-19 Vaccines and Challenges in the Pandemic: A Qualitative Study to Inform COVID-19 Prevention Interventions

Cited by 12 publications

References 28 publications

Determinants of Vaccine Hesitancy among African American and Black Individuals in the United States of America: A Systematic Literature Review

Determinants of Vaccine Hesitancy among African American and Black Individuals in the United States of America: A Systematic Literature Review

Evaluation of Preferred Language and Timing of COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake and Disease Outcomes

An artificially intelligent, natural language processing chatbot designed to promote COVID-19 vaccination: A proof-of-concept pilot study

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