Ethnic influences on the relations between abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adiposity, liver fat, and cardiometabolic risk profile: the International Study of Prediction of Intra-Abdominal Adiposity and Its Relationship With Cardiometabolic Risk/Intra-Abdominal Adiposity

Nazare, Julie‐Anne; Smith, Jessica; Borel, Anne‐Laure; Haffner, Steven M.; Balkau, Beverley; Ross, Robert; Massien, Christine; Alméras, Natalie; Després, Jean‐Pierre

doi:10.3945/ajcn.112.035758

Cited by 337 publications

(319 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Information on race was not collected in this study, but could influence risk of OSA and body fat distribution. 38,39 Finally, although our study did not reveal Mallampati score and tonsil size as predictors of OSA, a recent retrospective study has shown them to be significant predictors of pediatric OSA, particularly when Mallampati score is measured supine. 40 The interplay of these factors with BMI and body fat distribution, as well the reliability of scoring and assessing Mallampati and tonsil scores, require further evaluation in future studies.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

Does Neck-to-Waist Ratio Predict Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children?

Katz

Vaccani

Barrowman

et al. 2014

Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine

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Objectives: Central adiposity and large neck circumference are associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in adults but have not been evaluated in children as predictors of OSA. Study objectives were to determine whether (1) anthropometric measures including neck-to-waist ratio are associated with OSA in older children; (2) body fat distribution, measured by neck-to-waist ratio, is predictive of OSA in overweight/obese children. Methods: Cross-sectional study involving children 7-18 years scheduled to undergo polysomnography at a tertiary care children's hospital. OSA was defi ned as total apnea-hypopnea index > 5 events/h and/or obstructive apnea index > 1 event/h. Recursive partitioning was used to select candidate predictors of OSA from: age, sex, height and weight percentile, body mass index (BMI) z-score, neck-to-waist ratio, tonsil size, and Mallampati score. These were then evaluated using log binomial models and receiver operator characteristic analysis. Results: Two hundred twenty-two participants were included; 133 (60%) were overweight/obese, 121 (55%) male,47 (21%) had OSA. Neck-to-waist ratio (relative risk [RR] 1.97 per 0.1 units, 95% CI 1.48 to 2.84) and BMI z-score (RR 1.63 per unit, 95% CI 1.30 to 2.05) were identifi ed as independent predictors of OSA. Considering only overweight/obese children, neckto-waist ratio (RR 2.16 per 0.1 units, 95% CI 1.79 to 2.59) and BMI z-score (RR 2.02 per unit, 95% CI 1.25 to 3.26) also independently predicted OSA. However, in children not overweight/obese, these variables were not predictive of OSA. Conclusions: Neck-to-waist ratio, an index of body fat distribution, predicts OSA in older children and youth, especially in those who were overweight/obese.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

Does Neck-to-Waist Ratio Predict Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children?

Katz

Vaccani

Barrowman

et al. 2014

Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine

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“…Kantartzis et al also reported that liver, but not visceral, fat was found to be an independent determinant of the 2-hour plasma glucose level in a cross-sectional study of 330 white individuals 25) . Recently, we found that an elevated ALT published multiethnic study 22) . Furthermore, in the group comparisons in this study, men in the low-ALT/ high-visceral AT group, but not the high-ALT/lowvisceral AT group, had a significantly higher odds ratio for hypertriglyceridemia than the reference group (low-ALT/low-visceral AT), suggesting a closer association between visceral AT and hypertriglyceridemia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between Alanine Aminotransferase(ALT), Visceral Adipose Tissue(AT) and Metabolic Risk Factors in a Middle-Aged Japanese Population

Oka

Yagi

Nakanishi

et al. 2014

JAT

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Aim:The commonly observed relationship between increased visceral adiposity and metabolic abnormalities may be partly mediated by a concomitant increase in liver fat content. We evaluated the independent association between the level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) as a surrogate marker of the liver fat content and the incidence of metabolic abnormalities after adjusting for the amount of visceral adipose tissue (AT). Methods: The subjects included 1,118 Japanese individuals (44% women) who underwent computed tomography to assess the amount of visceral AT on medical checkups. Cross-sectional associations between the serum ALT, visceral AT and metabolic risk factors were examined. Results: The ALT level and visceral AT were found to show a significant correlation (r = 0.41 in men and r = 0.36 in women, p＜0.001). In a multivariable linear regression analysis, the ALT level and visceral AT were found to be independently associated with blood pressure in men and triglycerides and 2-hour post-challenge glucose in both genders (p＜0.01), whereas only visceral AT was found to be associated with HDL-cholesterol (p＜0.01). When the participants were classified into four subgroups based on the 75th percentiles of ALT and visceral AT, the low-ALT/high-visceral AT group, but not the high-ALT/low-visceral AT group, had a significantly higher odds ratio for low HDL-cholesterol among both genders (p＜0.05) and for hypertriglyceridemia in men only (p＜0.05). Meanwhile, the high-ALT/low-visceral AT group, but not the low-ALT/high-visceral AT group, had a significantly higher odds ratio for IGT among women (p＜0.05). Conclusions: Although the ALT level and visceral AT were found to be independently associated with most metabolic risk factors, visceral AT had a dominant association with dyslipidemia in both genders, while the ALT level appeared to have a closer association with IGT in women.J Atheroscler Thromb, 2014; 21:582-592.

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“…17 Non-Hispanic Blacks (hereafter, Black) adults, for example, have been shown in numerous epidemiological studies to store a lower proportion of fat in visceral tissue compared with non-Hispanic Whites (hereafter, White) adults. 16 One study that characterized fat distribution via dual energy X-ray and computed tomography showed that Black men and women had lower visceral fat than White men and women controlling for age, total body fat, and other covariates. 17 Consistent with these differences in fat storage, there is evidence that the relationship between obesity and CRP varies across demographic groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex and Race Differences in the Relationship between Obesity and C-Reactive Protein

Clark

Unroe

et al. 2016

Ethn Dis

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<p>C-reactive protein (CRP) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality; it is known to be positively associated with obesity but there is some evidence that this association differs by race or sex. We used nationally representative data of adults aged >50 years to investigate sex and race modifiers of the associations between obesity and CRP in non-Hispanic White males (n=3,517) and females (n=4,658), and non-Hispanic Black males (n=464) and females (n=826). Using multiple linear regression models with the natural logarithm of CRP as the dependent variable, we sequentially included body mass index (BMI), a body shape index (ABSI), and socioeconomic, health and health behavior covariates in the model. The association between BMI and CRP was significantly stronger in females than males. Obese White females had mean CRP values slightly above 3 mg/liter (vs 2 for White males) and Black females had mean CRP values >4 mg/liter (vs 3 for Black males). More than 50% of Black females in the United States have obesity. Continued research into racial and sex differences in the relationship between obesity, inflammation, and health risks may ultimately lead to more personalized weight loss recommendations. <em>Ethn Dis</em>. 2016;26(2):197-204; doi:10.18865/ ed.26.2.197</p>

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Ethnic influences on the relations between abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adiposity, liver fat, and cardiometabolic risk profile: the International Study of Prediction of Intra-Abdominal Adiposity and Its Relationship With Cardiometabolic Risk/Intra-Abdominal Adiposity

Abstract: Background: Ethnic differences in cardiometabolic risk (CMR) may be related to patterns of ethnic-specific body fat distribution. Objective: We aimed to identify differences across ethnic groups in interrelations between BMI, abdominal adiposity, liver fat, and CMR profile.

Cited by 337 publications

References 37 publications

Does Neck-to-Waist Ratio Predict Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children?

Does Neck-to-Waist Ratio Predict Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children?

Relationships between Alanine Aminotransferase(ALT), Visceral Adipose Tissue(AT) and Metabolic Risk Factors in a Middle-Aged Japanese Population

Sex and Race Differences in the Relationship between Obesity and C-Reactive Protein

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