Ethnic inequalities in COVID-19 infection, hospitalisation, intensive care admission, and death: a global systematic review and meta-analysis of over 200 million study participants

Irizar, Patricia; Pan, Daniel; Kapadia, Dharmi; Bécares, Laia; Sze, Shirley; Taylor, Harry; Amele, Sarah; Kibuchi, Eliud; Divall, Pip; Gray, Laura J.; Nellums, Laura B; Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal; Pareek, Manish

doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101877

Cited by 32 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 139 publications

(112 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Starting with ethnicity, Black and South Asian populations have been shown to have increased COVID-19 mortality risk 12 . In their global systematic review of the impact of ethnicity on COVID-19 health outcomes, Irizar et al (2023) 13 report mixed results when comparing the risk of infection for Asian and “other” ethnicity populations with White majority populations, in accordance with our results in Figure 3. However, they show a far more conclusive increased relative risk in Black populations compared to white majority populations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

The impact of health inequity on regional variation of COVID-19 transmission in England

Rawson,

Hinsley,

Sonabend

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Considerable spatial heterogeneity has been observed in COVID-19 transmission across administrative regions of England throughout the pandemic. This study investigates what drives these differences. We constructed a probabilistic case count model for 306 administrative regions of England across 95 weeks, fit using a Bayesian evidence synthesis framework. We include the mechanistic impact of acquired immunity, of spatial exportation of cases, and 16 spatially-varying socio-economic, socio-demographic, health, and mobility variables. Model comparison assesses the relative contributions of these respective mechanisms. We find that regionally-varying and time-varying differences in week-to-week transmission were definitively associated with differences in: time spent at home, variant-of-concern proportion, and adult social care funding. However, model comparison demonstrates that the mechanistic impact of these terms was of negligible impact compared to the role of spatial exportation between regions. While these results confirm the impact of some, but not all, measures of regional inequity in England, our work corroborates the finding that observed differences in regional disease transmission during the pandemic were predominantly driven by underlying epidemiological factors rather than the demography and health inequity between regions.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

The impact of health inequity on regional variation of COVID-19 transmission in England

Rawson,

Hinsley,

Sonabend

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, our analysis is limited by the absence of data on key individual-level factors such as migration status or ethnicity, which could enrich our understanding. This especially considering that approximately one-third of Vaud's population in 2020 had non-Swiss nationality (27), and that ethnic groups have experienced higher exposure and increased vulnerability to COVID-19 (55)(56)(57). An additional limitation is hospitalization and ICU admission data, which may be subject to underreporting due to challenges associated with identifying primary causes of hospitalization, especially among older adults with comorbidities (58).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, our analysis is limited by the absence of data on key individual-level factors such as migration background status and ethnicity. Incorporating these factors could greatly enrich our understanding, especially given that approximately one-third of Vaud’s population in 2020 held non-Swiss nationality (39), and ethnic minorities faced higher exposure and vulnerability to COVID-19 (60, 66, 68). Furthermore, disentangling the sources of disparities between gender and sex is methodologically challenging when using administrative sex to investigate women’s and men’s health outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender/Sex Disparities in the COVID-19 Cascade from Testing to Mortality: An Intersectional Analysis of Swiss Surveillance Data

Auderset,

Amiguet,

Clair

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives This study investigates sex and gender disparities in COVID-19 epidemiology in the Canton of Vaud, Switzerland, focusing on interactions with socioeconomic position (SEP) and age. Methods We analyzed COVID-19 surveillance data from March 2020 to June 2021, using an intersectional approach. Negative binomial regression models assessed disparities between women and men, across SEP quintiles and age groups, in testing, positivity, hospitalizations, ICU admissions, and mortality (Incidence Rate Ratios [IRR], 95% Confidence Intervals [CI]). Results Women had higher testing and positivity rates than men, while men experienced more hospitalizations, ICU admissions, and deaths. The higher positivity in women under 50 was mitigated after accounting for higher testing rates. Across SEP quintiles, gender/sex differences in testing and positivity were insignificant. In the lowest quintile, women`s mortality risk was 68% lower (IRR 0.32, CI 0.20-0.52), with no significant disparities in the highest quintile (IRR 0.66, CI 0.41-1.06). Conclusion Our findings underscore diverse epidemiological patterns of COVID-19, shaped by the interactions of gender/sex, SEP, and age, highlighting the need for intersectional perspectives in both epidemiological research and the development of public health strategies.

show abstract

“…Existen desigualdades étnicas sistemáticas en los resultados sanitarios de COVID-19, con grandes diferencias en el riesgo de exposición y algunas diferencias en el pronóstico tras la hospitalización (21) . Y la inequidad global en la adquisición y administración de vacunas ha sido injusta.…”

Section: Vacunasunclassified

El enigma del coronavirus – De pandemia a endemia COVID-19 - ¿Debemos seguir cuidándonos?

Romero

2023

Rev peru ginecol obstet.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pareciera que se están calmando las cosas con el SARS-Cov-2, pues ya no aparecencomunicaciones y notas diarias de hallazgos de nuevas variantes y subvariantesdel virus, así como las modificaciones clínicas en sintomatología, hospitalizaciones,severidad y muertes por COVID-19. No conocemos cómo deberemos cuidarnosde sufrir la infección viral durante la inminente fase endémica de la enfermedad,conociendo los problemas de salud complejos del COVID prolongado si contraemosla virosis. En este artículo hacemos una descripción de las últimas mutacionesconocidas del coronavirus, cómo afectan ciertos órganos y sistemas, la ventaja deuna mejor respuesta a la infección en personas con estilo de vida saludable, el rebotede la sintomatología, reinfecciones en la época de la vacuna, el COVID prolongado,el exceso de mortalidad de los médicos que atendieran las primeras olas sin vacuna,y algunas noticias y conocimientos sobre el COVID en la gestante y su feto y reciénnacido, quedando la incógnita del futuro del neonato nacido de madre con COVID.En la endemia por COVID, ¿deberemos seguir protegiéndonos? ¿Cómo?

show abstract

Ethnic inequalities in COVID-19 infection, hospitalisation, intensive care admission, and death: a global systematic review and meta-analysis of over 200 million study participants

Cited by 32 publications

References 139 publications

The impact of health inequity on regional variation of COVID-19 transmission in England

The impact of health inequity on regional variation of COVID-19 transmission in England

Gender/Sex Disparities in the COVID-19 Cascade from Testing to Mortality: An Intersectional Analysis of Swiss Surveillance Data

El enigma del coronavirus – De pandemia a endemia COVID-19 - ¿Debemos seguir cuidándonos?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About