Ethnic identity, racial discrimination and attenuated psychotic symptoms in an urban population of emerging adults

Anglin, Deidre M.; Lui, Florence; Espinosa, Adriana; Tikhonov, Aleksandr; Ellman, Lauren M.

doi:10.1111/eip.12314

Cited by 48 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…A total of 35,726 participants took part in the studies included in the review (regarding overlapping samples, the studies considering the largest sample sizes were included in the total). Four of the studies involved clinical samples (n = 1017) [9,[35][36][37] and the remaining twenty recruited from non-clinical populations (n = 34,709) [11,[38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56]; thirteen used eight different epidemiological samples (AESOP, EMPIRIC, Fourth National Survey of Ethnic Minorities, MEDINA, NAPLS 2, NEMESIS, NSLASS and NSAL). Within the twenty studies that reported the sex of the participants, 53% were female (regarding overlapping samples, the studies considering the largest sample sizes were included in the total).…”

Section: Sample and Design Characteristics Of Eligible Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, there were no racial differences in the number of APPS-distress endorsed Racial discrimination was associated with APPS-distress and remained significant after adjusting for age (β = .105, p < .001). Bootstrapping analyses suggested that the relationship between racial discrimination and APPS-distress was partially mediated by RS-scores (Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire-Race; participants concerns and expectations of rejection based on their race) Anglin et al (2016), USA a [39] At least 70% of the student sample experienced one type of perceived discrimination, and a positive significant relationship between perceived discrimination and positive psychotic symptoms (r = 0.211, p < 0.001) Additionally, the relationship between discrimination and positive psychotic symptoms differed based on participant's commitment and exploration of their ethnicity, i.e., ethnic identity (e.g., low ethnic identity, moderate ethnic identity and high ethnic identity Perceived ethnic discrimination was significantly higher in the UHR group compared to health controls, t = 3.63, p < 0.001 Positive correlation between perceived ethnic discrimination and persecutory paranoia in virtual reality for the whole sample (r = 0.25, p = 0.009), but not in individuals at UHR risk (r = 0.119, p = 0.360), or healthy controls (r = 0.212, p = 0.180). Logistic regression found that perceived discrimination was not a significant predictor of paranoid ideation in virtual reality for the whole sample (p = 0.25) or the UHR group (p = 0.95).…”

Section: Is There a Relationship Between Discrimination And Specific mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to individual intervention, interventions informed by community psychology perspectives could show promise. Such interventions aspire to change social relations and social systems through, for example, empowerment, involvement, networking, and promoting equal opportunities for people from minority groups [70] as well as improving ethnic identification and building collective self-esteem [39,41]. In support, Anglin et al [39] found tentative support that having a stronger connection to one's ethnic background may reduce the risk for psychotic symptoms.…”

Section: Implications For Research and Clinical Practicementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such interventions aspire to change social relations and social systems through, for example, empowerment, involvement, networking, and promoting equal opportunities for people from minority groups [70] as well as improving ethnic identification and building collective self-esteem [39,41]. In support, Anglin et al [39] found tentative support that having a stronger connection to one's ethnic background may reduce the risk for psychotic symptoms. Similarly, Kong [41] found no relationship between perceived discrimination and paranoia in those with high collective self-esteem than low self-esteem.…”

Section: Implications For Research and Clinical Practicementioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Perceived discrimination and psychosis: a systematic review of the literature

Pearce

Rafiq

Simpson

et al. 2019

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

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Purpose Higher rates of psychosis have been reported in minority groups. Since individuals belonging to such groups are vulnerable to the experiences of discrimination, and in line with models proposing that social and life adversity may play a causal role in development and maintenance of psychotic experiences, it has been proposed that perceived discrimination may represent an important determinant of psychotic experiences. This paper reviews the literature examining the relationship between perceived discrimination and psychosis, examining whether discrimination is associated with an increased risk of psychosis, the severity of psychotic symptoms and whether there is an association with specific psychotic symptoms. Methods A systematic database search of PsycINFO, Embase and PubMed was conducted to identify quantitative crosssectional and prospective studies that examined the association between discrimination and psychosis. Results Twenty-four studies met the inclusion criteria, four of which used prospective designs and twenty used cross-sectional designs. The main findings indicated that discrimination may be associated with an increased risk of psychosis (too few studies to determine whether discrimination is associated with severity). Some studies found associations between discrimination and positive psychotic experiences and/or specific psychotic experiences such as paranoia. A small number of studies found that greater exposure to discrimination was associated with a greater likelihood of reporting psychotic experiences, tentatively indicating a dose-response relationship. Conclusions This review indicates that discrimination plays an important role in the experience of psychosis; however, future research is required to clarify the nature of this relationship. Avenues for further research and clinical implications are proposed.

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Section: Sample and Design Characteristics Of Eligible Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Is There a Relationship Between Discrimination And Specific mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Implications For Research and Clinical Practicementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Implications For Research and Clinical Practicementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Perceived discrimination and psychosis: a systematic review of the literature

Pearce

Rafiq

Simpson

et al. 2019

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Studies that examine perceived discrimination by outgroups may assist in understanding the role of prejudice and identity in psychosis. In one of the few studies that has examined ethnic identity and discrimination, it was found that possessing a stronger ethnic identity protects people from developing psychosis in discriminatory environments (Anglin, Lui, Espinosa, Tikhonov, & Ellman, 2016). Research on the rejection-identification model (Branscombe, Schmitt, & Harvey, 1999) suggests that while perceptions of prejudice are associated with reduced wellbeing, prejudice perceptions also increase minority group identification, self-esteem, and outgroup hostility when they are stable and pervasive (Branscombe et al 1999;Schmitt, Spears, & Branscombe, 2003).…”

Section: Recommendations For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social identity and psychosis: Explaining elevated rates of psychosis in migrant populations

McIntyre

Elahi

Bentall

2016

Social & Personality Psych

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A substantial body of literature suggests that migrants are at greater risk of developing psychotic symptoms, such as paranoia, compared to non-migrants. To date, researchers have been unable to identify the primary cause of this effect, finding scarce support for biological, diagnostic, and economic explanations. Social determinants have received little empirical attention in this domain, which we assert is a critical gap in the literature. Here, we propose that the social identity approach offers a framework to help explain the elevated rates of psychosis among migrants, and in turn inform policies and interventions to address this important mental health issue. We propose that cultural identities play a central role in mitigating the psychological precursors of psychosis and that disidentification and social disconnection subsequent to migration could initiate or exacerbate psychosis for multiple generations. We draw together research from social and clinical psychology to detail a social identity approach to psychosis in migrant populations, and make recommendations for future research.

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The association of multidimensional schizotypy with symptoms and impairment across racial groups

Rbeiz

Clark

Kemp

et al. 2021

Personality & Mental Health

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The assessment of schizotypy and schizophrenia-spectrum psychopathology has historically been adversely impacted by multiple forms of measurement bias, including racial bias. The Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale (MSS) was developed using modern scale construction methods to minimize measurement bias in the assessment of schizotypic traits. However, studies have not examined the validity of the measurement across different racial groups. The present study examined whether the associations of MSS positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy subscales with interview-assessed ratings of functioning, schizophrenia-spectrum personality traits, and depressive disorders were generally comparable across nonclinically ascertained samples of Black (n = 46), Asian (n = 87), and White (n = 116) young adults. Consistent with previous findings, all three schizotypy subscales were associated with impairment and schizotypal and paranoid traits. Negative schizotypy was associated with schizoid traits, and disorganized schizotypy was associated with depressive disorders. These associations were comparable across the racial groups, supporting the use of the MSS in these groups. Culturally and empirically valid assessments are essential for providing accurate assessments across racial/ ethnic groups and reducing the risk of overpathologizing people of color. The present findings support the cross-cultural validity of the MSS; however, future studies should expand upon these findings by including more diverse samples and longitudinal designs.

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Ethnic identity, racial discrimination and attenuated psychotic symptoms in an urban population of emerging adults

Cited by 48 publications

References 51 publications

Perceived discrimination and psychosis: a systematic review of the literature

Perceived discrimination and psychosis: a systematic review of the literature

Social identity and psychosis: Explaining elevated rates of psychosis in migrant populations

The association of multidimensional schizotypy with symptoms and impairment across racial groups

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