Ethnic group size, linguistic isolation, and immigrant entrepreneurship in the USA

Modes of entry to male immigrant entrepreneurship in a rural context: Start-up stories from Northern Norway

“…Hence, immigrant entrepreneurs are venture creators who have migrated to Norway. Two models have predominated in the literature theorising the phenomenon of immigrant business start-ups: 1) a model arguing that certain immigrant groups have a particular cultural inclination towards entrepreneurship (Aldrich & Waldinger, 1990;Basu & Altinay, 2002;Fairlie & Meyer, 1996;Mora & Dávila, 2005;Teixeira, 1998) and 2) a model emphasising the structural constraints and opportunities available to immigrants in the hosting context (Lee, 1999;Phizacklea & Ram, 1996;Shinnar & Young, 2008;Waldinger, 1994). The first model often uses ethnicity in a uniform and stereotypical manner that assigns common characteristics to different people.…”

Characteristics of Immigrant Entrepreneurs and Their Involvement in International New Ventures

“…Tsui-Auch 2005) and in the labour market, including discrimination (Mata and Pendakur 1999;Mora and Davila 2005) and the unemployment level of the native-born (van Tubergen 2005), but a limited barrier-based perspective that profiles immigrant entrepreneurs as congregating in ethnic enclaves and primarily developing domestic new ventures (DNV) could reflect a myopic view from the perspective of the host nation, with little regard for immigrants' international human resources and potential. Indeed, previous research has indicated that the most appropriate success measures of barrierbased IE are limited to survival rather than based on growth and capitalization (Chrysostome 2010).…”

The Importance of Cross-Cultural Capabilities for Chinese Immigrant Entrepreneurs in Australia

“…As discussed previously, several studies have shown that immigrant entrepreneurs lack language competency (e.g., Collins & Low, 2010;Lund et al, 2006;Mora & Dávila, 2005). This may be why a lack of language competency creates a barrier to communicating with others, which is part of psychic distance (Johanson & Wiedersheim-Paul, 1975).…”

“…Linguistic distance is an important element of psychic distance, and it has separate and complex influences on modes of entry (Cuypers, Ertug, & Hennart, 2015). Essentially, language skills have been identified by several researchers as an important capability for immigrant entrepreneurs to start up businesses (Brenner, Menzies, Dionne, & Filion, 2010;Mora & Dávila, 2005), move from ethnic markets into the mainstream market (Arrighetti, Bolzani, & Lasagni, 2014), and enter global markets (Sui et al, 2015). With large psychic distance and cultural distance, immigrant entrepreneurs are likely to require greater capability to adapt to culture.…”

“…Some research has focused on immigrant characteristics in pre-and post-migration, and suggests that immigrant entrepreneurs should bond host-country human capital and social capital to adapt to the host country (Kanas et al, 2009), largely around using language skills (e.g., Brzozowski et al, 2014;Collins & Low, 2010;Mora & Dávila, 2005). Such human-cultural capital that immigrants can bring to host countries and continue to accumulate in the host country is viewed as an important resource.…”