Ethnic Disparities in First Primary Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Northern Israel

Abstract

Background: Ethnic differences among first primary intracerebral hemorrhage (PICH) patients in an Israeli biethnic population have not yet been studied. Patients and Methods: We included in the study 546 patients (counting warfarin-related hemorrhages) hospitalized during the period from December 1999 through June 2008. Results: The mean age was 71.1 ± 14 years for the Jewish patients and 63.3 ± 13.9 years for the Arab patients (p < 0.0001). Diabetes and smoking were significantly more frequent among the Arab patients. No difference was found between groups by location, extent, or ventricular involvement of PICH. Although the in-hospital mortality rate was significantly higher among the Jewish patients, adjustment of the model combining multiple risk factors for PICH eliminated this difference. Conclusions: There are differences in the demographic and vascular risk factor profiles between Arab and Jewish PICH patients, with the Arabs found to be younger and to suffer more from diabetes. The location and extent of intracerebral hemorrhage as well as functional outcome were similar between the two groups. The apparent higher in-hospital mortality in the group of Jewish patients was eliminated when the influence of multiple covariates other than ethnicity, main vascular risk factors and international normalized ratio level were taken into consideration.

The association between socio-demographic characteristics and adherence to breast and colorectal cancer screening: Analysis of large sub populations

“…Therefore, Israeli Arabs can be identified only by their residential locality or (as in large mixed cities such as Nazareth) sub-district data, recorded by the National Census [21]. Israeli research uses this data in cases where the direct questioning of subjects is not possible [16,22]…”

Influence of Intracerebral Hemorrhage Location on Incidence, Characteristics, and Outcome

“…21 Determining whether risk factors and outcome differ according to ICH location has been further complicated by studies' varied definitions of ICH location. Of 41 observational studies comparing lobar and nonlobar ICH, 20 did not define lobar location, 18,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] and 21 used different definitions of lobar location (including ICH which was cortical, subcortical, or cortical and subcortical, [41][42][43][44][45][46] cerebellar, 47 predominantly cortical and involving underlying white matter, [48][49][50] subcortical or in a hemisphere excluding the basal ganglia or thalamus, [51][52][53] or in any lobe(s) of the brain). [54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61] Of 28 studies that defined nonlobar ICH, 20 defined nonlobar as involving the basal ganglia or infratentorial regions, 18,25,27,<...>…”

Ethnicity, Cerebrovascular Diseases and Atherosclerosis-Related Syndromes and Phenomena in Northern Israel

“…This was never done before about cerebrovascular patients. We found considerable similarity in distribution of routine vascular risk factors in acute ischemic stroke and ICH patients of Jewish and Arab origin [13,14], when the only significant difference was a higher prevalence of diabetes in patients of Arab origin. The higher prevalence of diabetes in minorities stroke patients was found in another Israeli study [15] as well as in other populations [16][17][18].…”