Ethnic Differences in Positive Alcohol Expectancies During Childhood: The Pittsburgh Girls Study

Chung, Tammy; Hipwell, Alison E.; Loeber, Rolf; White, Helene Raskin; Stouthamer‐Loeber, Magda

doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00651.x

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…Preliminary multiple group analyses, which formally tested invariance of latent class structure for White and Black girls, indicated the need for separate analyses by race, which is consistent with prior PGS analyses of substance use data (Chung et al, 2008; Chung et al, in press). Sample weights, which approximate regional demographics according to the 2000 Census, were included in all RM LCA models.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 65%

Racial Differences in Type of Alcoholic Beverage Consumed During Adolescence in the Pittsburgh Girls Study

Chung

Pedersen

Kim

et al. 2013

Alcohol Clin Exp Res

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Background White, compared to Black, adolescents have higher rates of alcohol use, and show more rapid increases in alcohol use. Racial differences in type of alcohol beverage (i.e., beer, wine, liquor) consumed by youth have received scant attention, and little is known regarding changes in type of alcohol beverage consumed during adolescence, when experimentation may transition to more regular use. Methods This study used repeated measures latent class analysis to identify distinct profiles that represent change in type of alcohol beverage consumed across ages 11–18, and to examine predictors (e.g., caretaker alcohol use, perceived peer alcohol use, ease in accessing alcohol, perceived neighborhood risk indicated by witnessing drug dealing), most of which were measured at ages 11–12, of alcohol use profiles in the Pittsburgh Girls Study (n=2,171; 57% Black, 43% White), a community sample with annual follow-ups. Results Among Black girls, 2 profiles were identified: Low Use (76%), and Alcohol Use involving primarily liquor starting around age 15 (24%). Among White girls, 4 profiles were identified: Wine sippers (11%); a Low Use profile with low probability of drinking until age 18, when use of beer and liquor increased (52%); an Increasing Use profile with increased probability of drinking beer and liquor starting at age 15 (23%); and a High Alcohol Use profile, starting with use of wine, then shifting to use primarily of beer and liquor after age 13 (14%). Separate risk factor analyses conducted by race indicated similar predictors for Black and White girls: perceived ease in accessing alcohol, witnessing neighborhood drug dealing, and perceived peer alcohol use were each associated with heavier drinking profiles. Conclusions Longitudinal profiles of type of alcoholic beverages, within and across racial groups, can guide the tailoring of interventions to address developmentally salient turning points in alcohol use for specific subgroups of girls.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 65%

Racial Differences in Type of Alcoholic Beverage Consumed During Adolescence in the Pittsburgh Girls Study

Chung

Pedersen

Kim

et al. 2013

Alcohol Clin Exp Res

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“…Among White girls, the early prospective association between conduct problems and alcohol use may be interpreted in terms of the acquired preparedness model (Anderson et al, 2003), which proposes that parental infl uences (i.e., caretaker antisocial behavior) and trait disinhibition (e.g., manifest as conduct problems) infl uence the formation of alcohol expectancies, which, in turn, infl uence alcohol use. Although this study did not examine alcohol expectancies, results from this study and other analyses of PGS data (Chung et al, 2008) suggest that, among White girls, those with externalizing behaviors are at risk for early alcohol use and may benefi t from early intervention to delay the onset of alcohol use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In addition, racial/ethnic differences in patterns of alcohol use have been identifi ed, such that African American youth tend to have later onset (e.g., Wallace et al, 2003), and somewhat distinct developmental trajectories of alcohol use compared with White youth (Flory et al, 2006;Tucker et al, 2003). Little is known about possible racial/ethnic differences in the role of conduct problems in relation to the development of alcohol use, although some research suggests that externalizing behaviors may be a more important predictor of alcohol use in White, compared with African American, girls (e.g., Chung et al, 2008).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-Varying Associations Between Conduct Problems and Alcohol Use in Adolescent Girls: The Moderating Role of Race

Loeber¹,

Stepp²,

Chung³

et al. 2010

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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ABSTRACT. Objective: The aims of this study were to examine the time-varying developmental associations between conduct problems and early alcohol use in girls between ages 11 and 15 and to test the moderating role of race. Method: The study is based on annual, longitudinal data from oldest cohort in the Pittsburgh Girls Study (n = 566; 56% African American, 44% White). Two models of the association between conduct problems and alcohol use were tested using latent growth curve analyses: conduct-problem-effect (conduct problems predict time-specifi c variation in alcohol use trajectory) and alcohol-effect (alcohol use predicts time-specifi c variation in conduct problem trajectory) models. Results: Girls' conduct problems and alcohol use increased over ages 11-15.Results provided support for a conduct-problem-effect model, although the timing of the associations between conduct problems and alcohol use differed by ethnicity. Among White girls, conduct problems prospectively predicted alcohol use at ages 11-13 but not later, whereas among African American girls, prospective prediction was observed at ages 13-14 but not earlier. Conclusions: Study fi ndings indicate developmental differences in the time-varying association of conduct problems and alcohol use during early adolescence for African American and White girls. Ethnic differences in the development of alcohol use warrant further study, and have potential implications for culture-specifi c early screening and preventive interventions. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 71, 544-553, 2010)

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“…In SEM analyses, race was characterized as either white or non-white as sub-sample sizes did not allow for more fine-tuned examination of racial and cultural differences (independent testing of the structural models showed that the only race category significantly related to the variables of interest was “white;” therefore, to maintain power across all components of the model, the racial predictor was dichotomized into white and non-white.). Grade level was included in MIMIC models of expectancies to determine whether expectancy scales were developmentally invariant (Chung, Hipwell, Loeber, White, & Stouthamer-Loeber, 2008; McCarthy et al, 2009; Schell et al, 2005). By testing for group differences in factor means and indicator intercepts, these MIMIC models evaluated measurement invariance for latent variables across these covariates.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-adolescent alcohol expectancies: Critical shifts and associated maturational processes.

Bekman

Goldman²,

Worley³

et al. 2011

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology

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Children's alcohol expectancies shift in late childhood/early adolescence in ways thought to lead to increased risk for adolescent alcohol use. The precise nature of this shift and the maturational processes that may influence it remain to be clarified. To these ends, we compared expectancy endorsement by grade across four expectancy domains: positive, negative, arousal and sedation, in a cross-sectional sample of 3rd-6th grade children attending afterschool programs (n = 299). Structural equation modeling (SEM) then was used to describe the relationships between expectancies and differences in: (a) cognitive ability and concept formation, (b) risk-taking personality traits, and (c) social exposure or values regarding alcohol-related information. Results showed those children in higher grades endorsed significantly more positive, negative and sedating expectancies for alcohol than their younger peers. Concept formation partially and fully mediated the relationships between grade and both positive and sedating expectancies, respectively, but not the relationship between grade and negative expectancies. Sensation seeking did not increase across grades in this sample, and the relationship between sensation seeking and positive expectancies was fully mediated by reported alcohol exposure and values. This study provides a basis for future exploration of developmental influences on alcohol expectancies, an understanding of which may be helpful in the design of prevention efforts targeting high risk youth prior to adolescence.

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Ethnic Differences in Positive Alcohol Expectancies During Childhood: The Pittsburgh Girls Study

Cited by 18 publications

References 40 publications

Racial Differences in Type of Alcoholic Beverage Consumed During Adolescence in the Pittsburgh Girls Study

Racial Differences in Type of Alcoholic Beverage Consumed During Adolescence in the Pittsburgh Girls Study

Time-Varying Associations Between Conduct Problems and Alcohol Use in Adolescent Girls: The Moderating Role of Race

Pre-adolescent alcohol expectancies: Critical shifts and associated maturational processes.

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