Ethnic differences in lipoprotein subclasses in obese adolescents: importance of liver and intraabdominal fat accretion

D'Adamo, Ebe; Northrup, Veronika; Weiss, Ram; Santoro, Nicola; Pierpont, Bridget; Savoye, Mary; O’Malley, Grace; Caprio, Sonia

doi:10.3945/ajcn.2010.29270

Cited by 57 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…7 The current study included a larger proportion of black children, who are less prone to dyslipidemia than white or Hispanic children. 35 In this study there was only fair agreement between cotinine-measured and parent-reported smoke exposure. As shown in Table 2, PSE status based on cotinine levels can be quite different from parental reports of smoke exposure, indicating a lower sensitivity and specificity of self-report data versus biological measurements of exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Passive Smoke Exposure and Its Effects on Cognition, Sleep, and Health Outcomes in Overweight and Obese Children

et al. 2016

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Background: Passive smoke exposure (PSE) may be a risk factor for childhood overweight and obesity and is associated with worse neurocognitive development, cognition, and sleep in children. The purpose of the study is to examine the effects of PSE on adiposity, cognition, and sleep in overweight and obese children using an objective measure of PSE.Methods: Overweight or obese children (n = 222) aged 7-11 (9.4 -1.1 years; 58% black; 58% female; 85% obese) were recruited from schools near Augusta, Georgia, over the course of the school year Results: Overweight and obese children with PSE had greater overall and central adiposity than nonexposed overweight and obese children ( p < 0.03). However, PSE was unrelated to prediabetes, insulin resistance, or visceral fat. PSE was linked to poorer cognitive scores ( p < 0.04) independent of adiposity, but was not related to sleep-disordered breathing.Conclusions: PSE is associated with fatness and poorer cognition in children. Tailored interventions that target multiple health risk factors including nutrition, physical activity, and tobacco use in children and families are needed to prevent adverse health outcomes related to tobacco use and obesity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Passive Smoke Exposure and Its Effects on Cognition, Sleep, and Health Outcomes in Overweight and Obese Children

et al. 2016

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“…Ectopic fat deposition in organs and other tissues may better explain ethnic differences in health risks. 87 Among obese adolescents, African Americans did not have sufficient liver fat to be detected, whereas white and Hispanic adolescents had over twice as much liver fat as considered normal. 61 Hispanic adolescents had higher liver fat and intramyocellular lipid content than both African American and white adolescents, even at similar weight and age.…”

Section: Challenges and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Ethnic and sex differences in body fat and visceral and subcutaneous adiposity in children and adolescents

2012

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Body fat and the specific depot where adipose tissue (AT) is stored can contribute to cardiometabolic health risks in children and adolescents. Imaging procedures including magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography allow for the exploration of individual and group differences in pediatric adiposity. This review examines the variation in pediatric total body fat (TBF), visceral AT (VAT) and subcutaneous AT (SAT) due to age, sex, maturational status and ethnicity. TBF, VAT and SAT typically increase as a child ages, though different trends emerge. Girls tend to accumulate more TBF and SAT during and after puberty, depositing fat preferentially in the gynoid and extremity regions. In contrast, pubertal and postpubertal boys tend to deposit more fat in the abdominal region, particularly in the VAT depot. Sexual maturation significantly influences TBF, VAT and SAT. Ethnic differences in TBF are mixed. VAT tends to be higher in white and Hispanic youth, whereas SAT is typically higher in African American youth. Asian youth typically have less gynoid fat but more VAT than whites. Obesity per se may attenuate sex and ethnic differences. Particular health risks are associated with high amounts of TBF, VAT and SAT, including insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, metabolic syndrome and hypertension. These risks are affected by genetic, biological and lifestyle factors including physical activity, nutrition and stress. Synthesizing evidence is difficult as there is no consistent methodology or definition to estimate and define depot-specific adiposity, and many analyses compare SAT and VAT without controlling for TBF. Future research should include longitudinal examinations of adiposity changes over time in representative samples of youth to make generalizations to the entire pediatric population and examine variation in organ-specific body fat.

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“…39 There are ethnic differences in lipids and insulin resistance, which manifest during adolescence: AfricanAmericans have significantly lower TGs and higher HDL-C levels, and this impacts non-HDL-C levels and the TG/HDL-C ratio. [40][41][42][43] In a study of obese black and white adolescents, TG/HDL-C has been shown to be a surrogate marker for elevated small dense lipoprotein particles on NMR spectroscopic analysis. 44 A TG/HDL-C ratio above 3 and non-HDL-C above 120 mg/dL in white subjects and TG/HDL-C ratio above 2.5 and non-HDL-C levels above 145 mg/dL in black subjects proved to be the best predictors of LDL-C particle concentration.…”

Section: Definition and Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

Combined dyslipidemia in childhood

Kavey

2015

Journal of Clinical Lipidology

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Ethnic differences in lipoprotein subclasses in obese adolescents: importance of liver and intraabdominal fat accretion

Abstract: Liver fat accretion, independent of VAT, may play a role in the ethnic differences seen in large VLDL particles. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00536250.

Cited by 57 publications

References 33 publications

Passive Smoke Exposure and Its Effects on Cognition, Sleep, and Health Outcomes in Overweight and Obese Children

Passive Smoke Exposure and Its Effects on Cognition, Sleep, and Health Outcomes in Overweight and Obese Children

Ethnic and sex differences in body fat and visceral and subcutaneous adiposity in children and adolescents

Combined dyslipidemia in childhood

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