Ethnic Differences in Insulin Resistance and Body Composition in United Kingdom Adolescents

Ehtisham, Sarah; Crabtree, Nicola; Clark, P. M. S.; Shaw, Nick; Barrett, Timothy

doi:10.1210/jc.2004-2001

Cited by 135 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…1 Several papers published recently have also explored IRS and its related risk factors among children and adolescents. These results indicate that overweight children are more likely to have IRS; 17 the observed differences in insulin sensitivity among different ethnic adolescents are associated with differences in body fat distribution; 18 IRS is highly associated with waist circumference among children and adolescents; 19 whereas those who are obese with insulin resistance are likely to develop cardiovascular risk factors associated with IRS. 20 Our study has a similar finding to these studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Cardiovascular risk factors and anthropometric measurements of adolescent body composition: a cross-sectional analysis of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

2006

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Objective: To assess the association between certain cardiovascular risk factors that are commonly clustered among individuals with insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) and adolescents' body composition measurements. Methods: We examined a total of 1068 adolescents aged 12-16 years from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The sex-specific third tertiles of glucose, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure and first tertile of high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were used to classify the presence of each IRS component. We compared adolescents with none, one, two and three/four IRS components across a series of body composition measurements and lipid profile. Results: About 18% of the adolescents had three or four IRS components. Overall, IRS among adolescents is more likely to be associated with body weight and measurements related to body girths and less likely to be associated with the measurements related to body lengths. Multivariate analysis results showed that the odds of being at increased risk of obesity (body mass index z-score4 0.85) were significantly greater among those with two (odds ratio (OR) ¼ 4.5; 95% CI 2.5-8.2) and three/four (OR ¼ 8.9, 95% CI 4.5-17.5) IRS components compared to those without any IRS components. Across sex, the level of non-HDL cholesterol was significantly higher among adolescents with more IRS components (P for trends o0.05). Conclusions: The clustered cardiovascular risk factors are strongly associated with an increased risk of obesity and higher levels of non-HDL cholesterol among adolescents.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Cardiovascular risk factors and anthropometric measurements of adolescent body composition: a cross-sectional analysis of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

2006

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“…BMI is easy, cheap and quick to obtain. However, numerous research studies have identified ethnic variability in the association between BMI and body fat content in both adults and children (Deurenberg et al, 1998(Deurenberg et al, , 2002Ehtisham et al, 2005;Haines et al, 2007). This means that BMI does not index individual body components equally across ethnic groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of lean tissue density for use in air displacement plethysmography in obese children and adolescents

Wells¹,

Haroun²,

Williams³

et al. 2011

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Background/Objectives: Body composition techniques are required for monitoring response to treatment in individual obese children, and assessing the efficacy of weight loss programmes. Densitometry is readily undertaken, using air displacement plethysmography (ADP), but requires appropriate information on the density of lean tissue (D LT ). The aims of this study were to develop predictive equations for D LT in obese children and adolescents, and to test the accuracy of ADP when using such predicted D LT values in an independent longitudinal sample using the four-component model as the reference method.

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“…[15][16][17][18][19][20] Studies in children have shown that features of the IRS are elevated in those who had grown heavier, taller or fatter relative to their peers. [21][22][23][24][25][26] Childhood may be an opportune time to intervene to prevent excessive weight or BMI gain and thus prevent the development of insulin resistance and later disease. However, it is not clear which components of childhood body composition (adipose tissue, lean mass or skeleton) are related to later risk, nor do we know the critical time during childhood when interventions to limit weight gain may be appropriate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Newborn size, infant and childhood growth, and body composition and cardiovascular disease risk factors at the age of 6 years: the Pune Maternal Nutrition Study

et al. 2007

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Objective: To study associations of size and body proportions at birth, and growth during infancy and childhood, to body composition and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors at the age of 6 years. Design: The Pune Maternal Nutrition Study, a prospective population-based study of maternal nutrition and CVD risk in rural Indian children. Methods: Body composition and CVD risk factors measured in 698 children at 6 years were related to body proportions and growth from birth. Measurements: Anthropometry was performed every 6 months from birth. At 6 years, fat and lean mass (dual X-ray absorptiometry) and CVD risk factors (insulin resistance, blood pressure, glucose tolerance, plasma lipids) were measured. Results: Compared with international references (NCHS, WHO) the children were short, light and thin (mean weight oÀ1.0 s.d. at all ages). Larger size and faster growth in all body measurements from birth to 6 years predicted higher lean and fat mass at 6 years. Weight and height predicted lean mass more strongly than fat mass, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) predicted them both approximately equally and skinfolds predicted only fat mass. Neither birthweight nor the 'thin-fat' newborn phenotype, was related to CVD risk factors. Smaller MUAC at 6 months predicted higher insulin resistance (Po0.001) but larger MUAC at 1 year predicted higher systolic blood pressure (Po0.001). After infancy, higher weight, height, MUAC and skinfolds, and faster growth of all these parameters were associated with increased CVD risk factors. Conclusions: Slower muscle growth in infancy may increase insulin resistance but reduce blood pressure. After infancy larger size and faster growth of all body measurements are associated with a more adverse childhood CVD risk factor profile. These rural Indian children are growing below international 'norms' for body size and studies are required in other populations to determine the generalizability of the findings.

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Ethnic Differences in Insulin Resistance and Body Composition in United Kingdom Adolescents

Abstract: Ethnic differences in insulin sensitivity are associated with ethnic differences in body fat. South Asian adolescents are more insulin resistant, with more body fat than white European adolescents, which may contribute to their increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Cited by 135 publications

References 36 publications

Cardiovascular risk factors and anthropometric measurements of adolescent body composition: a cross-sectional analysis of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Cardiovascular risk factors and anthropometric measurements of adolescent body composition: a cross-sectional analysis of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Evaluation of lean tissue density for use in air displacement plethysmography in obese children and adolescents

Newborn size, infant and childhood growth, and body composition and cardiovascular disease risk factors at the age of 6 years: the Pune Maternal Nutrition Study

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