Ethnic differences in incidence of very low birthweight and neonatal deaths among normally formed infants.

Terry, P. B.; Condie, R. G.; Bissenden, J G; Kerridge, D. F.

doi:10.1136/adc.62.7.709

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Further adjustment for degree of prematurity only appeared to explain the higher risks in preterm Black infants. This is broadly consistent with studies that show Black infants have similar or even lower gestational age-specific perinatal or infant mortality rates compared with the White infants only at very low gestational ages but not thereafter [ 23 , 48 – 50 ] possibly because of earlier fetal maturity [ 49 , 51 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Most previous analyses of ethnic variations in infant mortality in England and Wales have either used mother’s country of birth or mother’s/parents’ ethnic group(s) rather than infant’s ethnic group [ 22 – 26 ]. Additionally many studies have been conducted in small geographical regions that lack the ethnic diversity of the broader population of England and Wales [ 22 , 23 , 25 – 27 ]. Since 2005, national data on all births and infant deaths in England and Wales have been routinely linked to birth notification records which include data on infant’s ethnic group and gestational age [ 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The contribution of gestational age, area deprivation and mother’s country of birth to ethnic variations in infant mortality in England and Wales: A national cohort study using routinely collected data

Quigley

Dattani

et al. 2018

PLoS ONE

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ObjectivesWe aimed to describe ethnic variations in infant mortality and explore the contribution of area deprivation, mother’s country of birth, and prematurity to these variations.MethodsWe analyzed routine birth and death data on singleton live births (gestational age≥22 weeks) in England and Wales, 2006–2012. Infant mortality by ethnic group was analyzed using logistic regression with adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics and gestational age.ResultsIn the 4,634,932 births analyzed, crude infant mortality rates were higher in Pakistani, Black Caribbean, Black African, and Bangladeshi infants (6.92, 6.00, 5.17 and 4.40 per 1,000 live births, respectively vs. 2.87 in White British infants). Adjustment for maternal sociodemographic characteristics changed the results little. Further adjustment for gestational age strongly attenuated the risk in Black Caribbean (OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.89–1.17) and Black African infants (1.17, 1.06–1.29) but not in Pakistani (2.32, 2.15–2.50), Bangladeshi (1.47, 1.28–1.69), and Indian infants (1.24, 1.11–1.38). Ethnic variations in infant mortality differed significantly between term and preterm infants. At term, South Asian groups had higher risks which cannot be explained by sociodemographic characteristics. In preterm infants, adjustment for degree of prematurity (<28, 28–31, 32–33, 34–36 weeks) fully explained increased risks in Black but not Pakistani and Bangladeshi infants. Sensitivity analyses with further adjustment for small for gestational age, or excluding deaths due to congenital anomalies did not fully explain the excess risk in South Asian groups.ConclusionsHigher infant mortality in South Asian and Black infants does not appear to be explained by sociodemographic characteristics. Higher proportions of very premature infants appear to explain increased risks in Black infants but not in South Asian groups. Strategies targeting the prevention and management of preterm birth in Black groups and suboptimal birthweight and modifiable risk factors for congenital anomalies in South Asian groups might help reduce ethnic inequalities in infant mortality.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The contribution of gestational age, area deprivation and mother’s country of birth to ethnic variations in infant mortality in England and Wales: A national cohort study using routinely collected data

Quigley

Dattani

et al. 2018

PLoS ONE

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“…Deliveries up to the end of 1992 (31 months) have been analysed. Necropsy (4) 9 (15) 16 (17) that of the other two groups (p< 0 0 1), with the 7 (1) 4 (3) 3 (5) 5 (5) 14 (2) 0 1 (2) 6 (6) highest mortality among the Asian infants 86 (10)…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 39%

Effect of ethnic origin of mother on fetal outcome.

Lyon

Clarkson²,

Jeffrey³

et al. 1994

Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition

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“…Only two studies have examined this, showing that Afro-Caribbeans and Africans have higher rates than the white population 3,4 . Two further studies have shown similar associations with birthweights less than 1500 g. None of these studies have examined whether established risk factors cause these differences 5,6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The risk of preterm delivery in women from different ethnic groups

Aveyard

Cheng

Manaseki

et al. 2002

BJOG

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Objective To examine whether routinely measured variables explained the increased risk of preterm delivery in some UK ethnic groups. Design Cross sectional study of deliveries recorded in the Child Health Record System. Setting North Birmingham, UK.Population All North Birmingham women delivering singletons, 1994-1997 inclusive. Method Logistic regression.Main outcome measures Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for preterm delivery, defined as less than 37 weeks, less than 34 weeks and less than 28 weeks, unadjusted and adjusted for maternal age, an area-based socio-economic status measure, and marital status, year of birth, fetal sex and past obstetric history. Results For Afro-Caribbean women, the ORs (95% CIs) were: for delivery less than 37 weeks, 1.44 (1.26 -1.64) unadjusted and 1.22 (1.07 -1.41) adjusted; for delivery less than 34 weeks, 1.55 (1.25 -1.92) unadjusted and 1.29 (1.02 -1.61) adjusted; for delivery less than 28 weeks, 1.66 (1.08 -2.55) unadjusted and 1.32 (0.84 -2.06) adjusted. For African women, the risk of delivery less than 37 weeks was not significantly raised; for delivery less than 34 weeks, the OR (95% CI) was 1.88 (0.99 -3.58) unadjusted and 1.78 (0.93 -3.40) adjusted; for delivery less than 28 weeks, the OR (95% CI) was 4.02 (1.60 -10.12) unadjusted and 4.10 (1.66 -10.16) adjusted. In Afro-Caribbeans, deprivation and marital status explained the differences between the unadjusted and adjusted ORs. There was a linear relation between deprivation and preterm delivery for all ethnic groups, except for Asians. Conclusions Factors associated with deprivation and marital status explain about half of the excess of preterm births in Afro-Caribbeans, but not Africans. The risk of preterm delivery might not be related to deprivation in Asians.

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Ethnic differences in incidence of very low birthweight and neonatal deaths among normally formed infants.

Cited by 19 publications

References 3 publications

The contribution of gestational age, area deprivation and mother’s country of birth to ethnic variations in infant mortality in England and Wales: A national cohort study using routinely collected data

The contribution of gestational age, area deprivation and mother’s country of birth to ethnic variations in infant mortality in England and Wales: A national cohort study using routinely collected data

Effect of ethnic origin of mother on fetal outcome.

The risk of preterm delivery in women from different ethnic groups

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