Ethnic differences in in vitro glyceride synthesis in subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue

Bower, Joseph F.; Vadlamudi, Satyaprasad; Barakat, Hisham A.

doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00225.2002

Cited by 21 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…This indicates that there could be modulators of lipoprotein metabolism involved that are related to visceral fat, which may result in a different expression of lipid phenotype. Indeed, Despres et al (2000) found higher lipoprotein lipase and lower hepatic lipase activities in African-American than in white women and Bower et al (2002) showed that African-American women have an increased capacity to synthesize locally TG in omental adipose tissue compared with Caucasian women. In African Americans, the relationship between BMI and waist circumference/visceral fat with assessment of computed tomography scanning (L4 protocol) is less than in white American women (Carroll et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnic differences in maternal total cholesterol and triglyceride levels during pregnancy: the contribution of demographics, behavioural factors and clinical characteristics

et al. 2011

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Background/Objectives: Lipid disturbances during pregnancy may lead to early onset of metabolic diseases in the offspring. However, there is little knowledge on ethnic differences in lipid levels during pregnancy. We evaluated ethnic differences in non-fasting total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels during early gestation and the role of demographics, behavioural factors and clinical characteristics. Subjects/Methods: Non-diabetic pregnant women (N ¼ 3025) from the Amsterdam Born Children and their Development (ABCD) study. The studied ethnic groups were Dutch, Surinam-Hindustani, African-Caribbean, Turkish, Moroccan and Ghanaian. A multilingual questionnaire was used to gather information on maternal demographics, behavioural factors and clinical characteristics. Non-fasting TC, TG, percentage saturated fatty acid (%SFA) and percentage linoleic acid status (%LA) were assessed in blood samples collected at the first antenatal visit. Results: Ghanaian (À0.51 mmol/l), African-Caribbean (À0.19 mmol/l) and Moroccan (À0.15 mmol/l) women had significant lower TC levels compared with Dutch women. TG levels were lower in Ghanaian (log transformed À0.12 mmol/l) but significantly higher in Surinam-Hindustani (0.10 mmol/l) and Turkish women (0.07 mmol/l). Age, physical activity, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), smoking, %SFA and %LA were independently related to TC and/or TG. However, only pre-pregnancy BMI could partly explain observed disparities. Furthermore, pre-pregnancy BMI had a relatively large effect on TG levels in Surinam-Hindustani and Turkish women. Conclusions: TC and TG levels differed between ethnic groups during early gestation. Only pre-pregnancy BMI partly explained the ethnic differences to a relevant degree. Reduction in BMI before pregnancy may improve lipid profile, especially in Surinam-Hindustani and Turkish women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnic differences in maternal total cholesterol and triglyceride levels during pregnancy: the contribution of demographics, behavioural factors and clinical characteristics

et al. 2011

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“…Indeed, the homogeneity of our study group on socioeconomic factors is a benefit because it reduces the likelihood of confounding by these factors. Future studies should examine whether these observations hold true in women and other racial populations as there are clear sex and racial differences in fat distribution (19) and adipocyte metabolism in vitro (20). Further, studies should investigate whether this pattern of association remains true with abdominal adipose tissue changes over time or whether the measurement site influences the relationship between changes in abdominal adipose tissue and obesity-related metabolic risk factors to determine the optimal landmark for the quantification of abdominal adiposity.…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Does Measurement Site for Visceral and Abdominal Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Alter Associations With the Metabolic Syndrome?

Kuk¹,

et al. 2006

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OBJECTIVE -To determine whether the associations between visceral adipose tissue (VAT), abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (ASAT), and the metabolic syndrome are altered depending on measurement site for VAT and ASAT and the definition used to identify the metabolic syndrome.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -Total VAT and ASAT volume was derived using ϳ37 contiguous computed tomography (CT) images from T10 -T11 to L5-S1 in 85 men. CT images obtained at eight intervertebral locations (e.g., L4 -L5, L3-L4, etc.) were used to determine the associations between partial volumes (single images) and metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome was defined using the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) and International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) per SD increase in adipose tissue.RESULTS -For total and all partial volumes, VAT was more strongly associated with metabolic syndrome than ASAT independent of metabolic syndrome criteria. The OR (per SD) for NCEP metabolic syndrome was higher for total VAT volume (OR ϭ 7.26) and for the partial volumes at T12-L1 (7.46) and L1-L2 (8.77) than those at the L4 -L5 level (3.94). The OR for metabolic syndrome (ϳ2.6) was not substantially different among the ASAT measures. A similar pattern of association was observed using the IDF metabolic syndrome criteria.CONCLUSIONS -The measurement site for VAT, but not for ASAT, has a substantial influence on the magnitude of the association with both metabolic syndrome definitions. However, because VAT remained significantly associated with metabolic syndrome regardless of measurement site, the clinical interpretation was unaltered by measurement protocol or metabolic syndrome definition. Diabetes Care 29:679 -684, 2006M ounting evidence suggests that the metabolic syndrome, generally characterized using the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) criteria, is a powerful predictor of morbidity and mortality (1). Because abdominal obesity is an important component of the NCEP metabolic syndrome definition (2), researchers have investigated the relationship between visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (ASAT) with metabolic syndrome (3,4). Carr et al. (3) and Goodpaster et al. (4) report that VAT is associated with an increased incidence of metabolic syndrome. Conversely, ASAT is not consistently reported to be a significant correlate of metabolic syndrome (4) or its individual components (3). This may be due in part to variation in the measurement site selected for quantifying abdominal adipose tissue. Although L4 -L5 is the most commonly used landmark for measuring VAT and ASAT, there is reason to believe that L4 -L5 is not the ideal site for quantifying abdominal adipose tissue or for predicting obesityrelated metabolic risk. Recent studies report that a single image in the upper abdomen (i.e., at L1-L2 or L2-L3) is a more suitable surrogate for total VAT (5-7) and ASAT volume (7) than an image at L4 -L5. If one assumes that the a...

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“…In a previous study (8), we reported differences in de novo triglyceride (TG) synthesis by adipose tissue preparations from AAW and CAW. We found no differences in the rate of synthesis of either TG or diglyceride (DG) in subcutaneous adipose tissue of the two groups of women.…”

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confidence: 99%

Differences in transport of fatty acids and expression of fatty acid transporting proteins in adipose tissue of obese black and white women

Bower

Davis

Hao

et al. 2006

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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. Differences in transport of fatty acids and expression of fatty acid transporting proteins in adipose tissue of obese black and white women. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 290: E87-E91, 2006; doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00194.2005.-We have reported that the rate of de novo triglyceride (TG) synthesis by omental, but not subcutaneous, adipose tissue was higher in African-American women (AAW) than in Caucasian women (CAW). The purpose of this study was to explore the potential mechanisms underlying this increase. Toward that end, we determined the activities of key enzymes in the pathway of TG synthesis, the rates of uptake of fatty acids by adipocytes, mRNA and protein levels of the fatty acid-transporting proteins FAT/CD36 and FATP, and mRNA and protein levels of PPAR␥ in omental fat of AAW and CAW. The results showed 1) no difference in the activity of phosphofructokinase, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, or diacylglycerol acyltransferase; 2) a higher rate of fatty acid uptake by adipocytes of the AAW; 3) an increase in the mRNA and protein levels of CD36 and FATP4 in the fat of the AAW; and 4) an increase in the mRNA and protein levels of PPAR␥, which can stimulate the expression of CD36 and FATP. These results suggest that the increase in the transport of fatty acid, which is mediated by the overexpression of the transport proteins in the omental adipose tissue of the AAW, might contribute to the higher prevalence of obesity in AAW.ethnicity; lipid synthesis; substrate transport; omental fat; subcutaneous fat OBESITY IS MORE PROMINENT among African-American women (AAW) than among Caucasian women (CAW) (21). Nearly 50% of AAW are overweight compared with 33% of CAW (20). Obese AAW suffer more from obesity-related comorbidities than CAW (12,25,26). Among older women, the incidence of obesity in AAW is almost twice that of CAW (25). These data suggest that there are biological differences that contribute to the obesity of AAW that have not been defined.We have reported several differences in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism between 16,18,23,24,27,28). In a previous study (8), we reported differences in de novo triglyceride (TG) synthesis by adipose tissue preparations from AAW and CAW. We found no differences in the rate of synthesis of either TG or diglyceride (DG) in subcutaneous adipose tissue of the two groups of women. However, the rate of TG synthesis in omental adipose tissue was higher in AAW than in CAW. This increase was not due to differences in cell size or rates of reesterification (8).This study was initiated to examine the underlying causes of the higher rate of fatty acid incorporation into TG in adipose tissue of the AAW. This higher rate could be due to a higher expression of the enzymes of the pathway of TG synthesis, a higher rate of substrate uptake, or both. In the current study, we sought to determine whether there were differences in these two processes between the AAW and the CAW. To that end, we measured the activities of several key enzymes of the pathway of TG synthesis, the rate of upta...

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Ethnic differences in in vitro glyceride synthesis in subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue

Cited by 21 publications

References 32 publications

Ethnic differences in maternal total cholesterol and triglyceride levels during pregnancy: the contribution of demographics, behavioural factors and clinical characteristics

Ethnic differences in maternal total cholesterol and triglyceride levels during pregnancy: the contribution of demographics, behavioural factors and clinical characteristics

Does Measurement Site for Visceral and Abdominal Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Alter Associations With the Metabolic Syndrome?

Differences in transport of fatty acids and expression of fatty acid transporting proteins in adipose tissue of obese black and white women

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