Ethnic Differences in Impact of Physical Activity Program on Psychological Symptoms in Youth

Carter, Jocelyn S.; Karczewski, Sabrina; DeCator, Draycen D.; Hollowell, Alescia

doi:10.1123/jpah.2016-0450

Cited by 7 publications

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“…Of the remaining k = 9 studies not included in the meta-analysis, 6 described a significant positive effect of physical activity on antisocial behavior (Basile et al, 1995;Goldshtrom et al, 2011;Palermo et al, 2006;Pan, 2010;Yılmaz & Soyer, 2018;Zivin et al, 2001), and 3 studies could not find a significant effect (Bunketorp Käll et al, 2015;Carter et al, 2017;Welland et al, 2020). Of the studies reporting on a significant intervention effect, n = 4 included a clinical population (maltreated children (n = 1), children with a behavioral disorder (n = 2), boys with autism spectrum disorder (n = 1)), and n = 2 reported on other samples (children with mild intellectual disorder and boys at risk for antisocial behavior).…”

Section: Basic Characteristics Of Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The efficacy of physical activity interventions in reducing antisocial behavior: a meta-analytic review

et al. 2022

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Objectives This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the efficacy of physical activity interventions in the reduction of antisocial behavior in children and adults. Several possible moderators, including study design, sample characteristics (age, proportion male, and sample type), control group, and outcome characteristics (type of activity, duration, frequency), were also investigated. Methods A literature search was performed in the following databases: PubMed, Ebsco/SportDiscus, Ebsco/APA PsycINFO, Ebsco/ERIC, Ebsco/Criminal Justice Abstracts, Embase.com, and Clarivate Analytics/Web of Science Core Collection from inception to June 2021. Studies were eligible if they reviewed the effect of chronic physical activity interventions on antisocial behavior compared to wait-list, no-exercise, or attention control samples. The following studies were excluded: animal studies, studies reporting on acute exercise, studies including yoga or mindfulness as the sole measure of physical activity, and studies including substance (ab)use and/or smoking as the only outcome measure. A random effects model was used to calculate pooled effect sizes. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (version 2). Results The search yielded 29 studies, of which 20 were included in the meta-analysis. Results indicate a significant small-to-medium effect (g = − 0.26) with a 95% confidence interval ranging from − 0.48 to − 0.04 in favor of physical activity interventions. Significant moderators included type of control group, type of physical activity, and type of antisocial behavior, with larger effect sizes for comparisons with inactive control groups (g = − 0.31), interventions containing walking, jogging, or running as the main type of physical activity (g = − 0.87), and anger/hostility as an antisocial outcome measure (g = − 0.42). Conclusions Physical activity interventions may be a promising way to reduce antisocial behavior in children and adults. However, due to the overall high risk of bias in the included studies, more sound evaluation research is needed to better understand the functioning and to improve the possible implementation of physical activity interventions.

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Section: Basic Characteristics Of Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The efficacy of physical activity interventions in reducing antisocial behavior: a meta-analytic review

et al. 2022

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“…Of the remaining 9 studies not included in the meta-analysis, 6 described a significant positive effect of physical activity on antisocial behavior (Basile et al, 1995;Goldshtrom et al, 2011;Palermo et al, 2006;Pan, 2010;Yılmaz & Soyer, 2018;Zivin et al, 2001) and 3 studies could not find a significant effect (Bunketorp et al, 2015;Carter et al, 2017;Welland et al, 2020). Of the studies reporting on a significant intervention effect, n = 4 included a clinical population (maltreated children (n = 1), children with a behavioral disorder (n = 2), boys with autism spectrum disorder (n = 1)), and n = 2 reported on other samples (children with mild intellectual disorder and boys at risk for antisocial behavior).…”

Section: Basic Characteristics Of Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The current thesis investigated the effect of physical activity on antisocial behavior and the possible role of cognitive control in multi-problem young adults. Earlier research uncovered a robust association between impaired cognitive control and antisocial behavior, implying individuals displaying antisocial behavior may benefit from interventions targeting neurocognitive functioning. Impaired cognitive control can severely impact one's life, as it is needed to adequately plan, regulate, and adapt goal-directed behavior. Understandably, deficiencies in these capabilities may sustain or promote antisocial behavior through the impaired ability to anticipate negative consequences, suppress unwanted impulses, and adjust behavior according to social expectations. Physical activity has been previously proposed as an effective intervention for decreasing antisocial behavior in children and adolescents (aged < 18) from the general population and in adult offenders or adults suffering from substance use disorders, yet existing research in young adults (especially clinical or at-risk young adults) is scarce and inconclusive. The observed reduction in antisocial behavior may be the result of an enhancement in neurocognitive functioning, as prior studies indicate robust positive effects on cognitive control following increased physical activity in healthy (but sedentary) youth aged <18 and the elderly. However, to date, the effect of physical activity on cognitive control has not been examined in young adults suffering from multiple problems including aggression, delinquent behavior, frequent substance use, and other externalizing behaviors despite their possible associated executive deficits. To deepen our understanding of the relation between physical activity, antisocial behavior, and cognitive control, we first studied the possible potential of neurobiological and (neuro)behavioral measures of cognitive control in the prediction of and association with real-world behavior, i.e., behavior following a multimodal day treatment and antisocial behavior. We included three indices of neurocognitive functions, i.e., error processing, response inhibition, and interference, using different measurement techniques including functional magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalographic paradigms in male multi-problem young adults (aged 18 – 27). In the following chapter, we reviewed and quantified the overall effectiveness of previous physical activity interventions in reducing antisocial behavior in a meta-analytic review. Subsequently, in the next two chapters, we discussed the association between physical activity and the impact on behavioral measures of cognitive control using a randomized controlled intervention study. And lastly, we investigated other ways in which physical activity might contribute to the development of positive behavior and the decrease of negative behavior, according to the multi-problem young adults, using a thematic approach. Our findings suggest that overall, increased physical activity may be used to treat antisocial behavior in adults displaying a range of externalizing behaviors. Furthermore, regarding cognitive control, the current results first associated a neurocognitive biomarker (ACC activity during response inhibition) with better outcomes (higher odds of engaging in daytime activities) a year after a multimodal day treatment program in populations displaying antisocial behavior, linking cognitive control to real-world positive behavior. Secondly, our data suggest enhanced neurocognitive functioning following a physical activity program in young adults with impaired cognitive control, who are suffering from multiple problems, including several forms of antisocial behavior. Taken together with prior studies, the results of the current dissertation suggest that a: physical activity interventions and programs may possibly provide an easy-to-implement treatment of antisocial behavior and b: this positive behavioral effect may be partially explained by an exercise-induced enhancement of cognitive control, although future studies including both cognitive control and antisocial behavior are needed to verify this hypothesis.

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Multi-tiered Systems of Support for School-Based Mental Health: A Systematic Review of Depression Interventions

Arora

Collins

Dart

et al. 2019

School Mental Health

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Ethnic Differences in Impact of Physical Activity Program on Psychological Symptoms in Youth

Abstract: The Work-to-Play intervention program appeared to be effective in reducing internalizing symptoms for ethnic minority participants who are at the greatest risk for psychological problems.

Cited by 7 publications

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The efficacy of physical activity interventions in reducing antisocial behavior: a meta-analytic review

The efficacy of physical activity interventions in reducing antisocial behavior: a meta-analytic review

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Multi-tiered Systems of Support for School-Based Mental Health: A Systematic Review of Depression Interventions

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