Ethnic differences in functional limitations: a comparison of older migrants and native Dutch older population

Abstract

Background Although the older migrants population in Europe is expected to grow substantially in the coming years, there is little information about their health status and particularly functional limitations. This study examined the association of ethnicity and mobility, hearing and visual limitations in comparison to the general population in the Netherlands, and whether relevant characteristics explained the potential differences between older migrants and non-migrants. Methods Secondary data analysis of 12 652 subjects 55 years and older who participated in the health survey in the four largest Dutch cities. To establish limitations in vision, hearing and mobility, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) questionnaire was used. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between limitations and ethnic background, subsequently adjusting for demographic and socio-economic characteristics and relevant health- and lifestyle-related factors. Results Older migrants had higher prevalences of functional limitations. The age- and- gender adjusted ORs were 2 to 8-fold compared with older non-migrants. After adjusting for socioeconomic status and health-and lifestyle indicators, Moroccan, Turkish and Surinamese migrants still had increased ORs for visual limitations [ORs (95% CI), respectively: 2.48 (1.49–4.14), 3.08 (1.75–5.41) and 1.97 (1.33–2.91)] compared with the Dutch. For mobility limitations, only the Turkish migrants had an OR twice as high (2.19; 1.08–4.44) as the non-migrants. No significant differences were found between Antillean/Aruban migrants and non-migrants. Conclusions Important ethnic inequalities exist in various functional limitations, particularly in vision. These results underline the importance of tailored preventive interventions in older migrants to detect and prevent these limitations at an early stage.

Conducting Empirical Research With Older Migrants: Methodological and Ethical Issues

“…After large-scale vaccination, older adults might still fear the virus and therefore not want to participate in research. This may be even truer for older migrants of non-Western background, as they have lower vaccination rates ( Robertson et al, 2021 ) and are more likely to suffer adverse effects after infection due to underlying health problems like heart disease, diabetes, and obesity ( El Fakiri & Bouwman-Notenboom, 2015 ). If they do give their consent to be involved in the study, both parties must be extremely cautious to not put participants’ health at risk.…”