Ethnic differences in abdominal visceral fat accumulation between Japanese, African-Americans, and Caucasians: a meta-analysis

Tanaka, Shigeho; Horimai, Chihiro; Katsukawa, Fuminori

doi:10.1007/s00592-003-0093-z

Cited by 122 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…There have been reports of racial differences in abdominal fat distribution between Caucasians and Africans, 6 Hispanics, 7 and Asians. 8,9 Previous studies have shown that Asian-American and Caucasian men had no significant difference in VAT among volunteer participants. 8 Likewise, a meta-analysis showed no significant difference in VAT between Japanese and Caucasian men.…”

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Japanese men have larger areas of visceral adipose tissue than Caucasian men in the same levels of waist circumference in a population-based study

et al. 2006

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Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is an independent risk factor for metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. There has been no study that demonstrated different abdominal fat distribution between Asian and Caucasian men. As the Japanese are less obese but more susceptible to metabolic disorders than Caucasians, they may have larger VAT than Caucasians at similar levels of obesity. We compared the abdominal fat distribution of the Japanese (n ¼ 239) and Caucasian-American (n ¼ 177) men aged 40-49 years in groups stratified by waist circumference in a population-based sample. We obtained computed tomography images and determined areas of VAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). We calculated VAT to SAT ratio (VSR). The Japanese men had a larger VAT and VSR in each stratum, despite substantially less obesity overall. In multiethnic studies, difference in abdominal fat distribution should be considered in exploring factors related to obesity. International Journal of Obesity (2006) In these studies, VAT was compared after adjusting for other factors such as age and obesity. There has been no report directly comparing VAT between the Japanese and Caucasian men in a population-based sample. Therefore, we compared the abdominal fat distribution of the Japanese and Caucasian-American men aged 40-49 years in groups stratified by waist circumference in a population-based sample. We recruited 240 American men aged 40-49 years (Caucasians: 82%), randomly selected from Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, US, and 240 Japanese men aged 40-49 years, randomly selected from Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan. We confined our analyses to Caucasian and Japanese men, because African men have been compared with Caucasians elsewhere, 6 and we had only one man who categorized himself as neither Caucasian nor African-American. In order to compare the abdominal adipose tissue (AAT) distribution at similar levels of waist circumference, participants with extremely large or small waist circumference (beyond the levels of mean 72 (s.d.)) were excluded from the present analysis. After excluding 44 non-Caucasian-Americans and 20 outliers in waist circumference, 416 (239 Japanese and 177 Caucasian) men were examined. Waist circumference

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“…8 Likewise, a meta-analysis showed no significant difference in VAT between Japanese and Caucasian men. 9 In these studies, VAT was compared after adjusting for other factors such as age and obesity. There has been no report directly comparing VAT between the Japanese and Caucasian men in a population-based sample.…”

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Japanese men have larger areas of visceral adipose tissue than Caucasian men in the same levels of waist circumference in a population-based study

et al. 2006

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“…Indeed, Park et al reported that Asians living in the US have a comparable amount of visceral fat to that of European Americans [59]. Moreover, a meta-analysis showed that visceral fat in Japanese population was significantly lower than that in Caucasians [60]. Obviously, visceral fat may modify drug distribution and thus decrease drug exposure in the tumor [61].…”

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Assessment of ethnic differences in sunitinib outcome between Caucasian and Asian patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis

et al. 2016

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Background: An increasing number of studies have reported ethnic differences in sunitinib outcome in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients. However, a comprehensive analysis is still lacking. Therefore, we systematically collected available published data and performed a meta-analysis to compare sunitinib efficacy and toxicity in Asian and Caucasian mRCC patients. Methods: Data were extracted from published results from clinical trials, expanded access program and real-world clinical practice. Progression-free survival (or time to tumor progression), overall survival, objective response rate and adverse events were used as endpoints to evaluate the differences of sunitinib outcome between the two ethnicities. For adverse events, we focused the following clinically relevant side effects: diarrhea, fatigue, mucositis/stomatitis, hand-foot syndrome, hypertension, leukopenia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. Results: A total of 33 publications including 9977 patients were available for meta-analysis. The efficacy of sunitinib in Asian patients was similar to that in Caucasian patients. However, Asian patients showed a higher incidence of all grades toxicity of hand-foot syndrome, > grade 2 fatigue, > grade 2 hand-foot syndrome and > grade 2 thrombocytopenia. Conclusion: Ethnic differences in adverse events of sunitinib in mRCC patients existed and dose adjustment in Asian patients may be considered.

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“…3,4 Asians have a greater tendency than Caucasians to deposit adipose tissue as abdominal visceral fat rather than abdominal subcutaneous fat. 5,6 Probably due to increased intraabdominal fat deposition, Japanese are susceptible to T2DM and cardiovascular disease despite a relatively normal body mass index (BMI). 5,6 Taking this into account, the International Diabetes Institute (IDI), a center that collaborates with the World Health Organization (WHO), proposed specifi c values to characterize total and abdominal obesity in Asian populations.…”

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“…5,6 Probably due to increased intraabdominal fat deposition, Japanese are susceptible to T2DM and cardiovascular disease despite a relatively normal body mass index (BMI). 5,6 Taking this into account, the International Diabetes Institute (IDI), a center that collaborates with the World Health Organization (WHO), proposed specifi c values to characterize total and abdominal obesity in Asian populations. Subjects with BMI values between 25.0 and 29.9 kg/m 2 and BMI ≥30.0 kg/m 2 were classifi ed as I and II degree obesity, respectively, and associated with moderate and severe risk for developing co-morbidities.…”

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Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Japanese-Brazilians According to Specific Definitions for Ethnicity

Xavier

Chaim²,

Gimeno³

et al. 2010

Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders

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Background: The American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI), revising the National Cholesterol Evaluation Program for Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III), and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) have proposed defi nitions of metabolic syndrome that take into account waist circumference thresholds according to ethnicity. In this study we estimated the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in a Japanese-Brazilian population using NCEP defi nitions for Westerners (NCEPwe) and Asians (NCEPas), and IDF for Japanese (IDF). Methods: A total of 650 Japanese-Brazilians living in a developed Brazilian city and aged 30-88 years were included. Results: Metabolic syndrome prevalence according to NCEPwe, NCEPas, and IDF was, respectively, 46.5%, 56.5%, and 48.3%. Only 43.5% of subjects did not have metabolic syndrome by any of the 3 defi nitions, and 38.3% fulfi lled metabolic syndrome criteria for all 3 defi nitions. Ten percent of subjects were positive for metabolic syndrome based on NCEPas and IDF, but not for NCEPwe. Because IDF requires abdominal obesity as a criterion, the frequency of subjects without metabolic syndrome according to IDF, but with metabolic syndrome by NCEPwe and NCEPas was 8.2%. Conclusions: Independent of the metabolic syndrome defi nition, Japanese-Brazilians present an elevated metabolic syndrome prevalence, which was higher when using NCEP criteria for Asians, followed by the IDF defi nition for Japanese.

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Ethnic differences in abdominal visceral fat accumulation between Japanese, African-Americans, and Caucasians: a meta-analysis

Cited by 122 publications

References 5 publications

Japanese men have larger areas of visceral adipose tissue than Caucasian men in the same levels of waist circumference in a population-based study

Japanese men have larger areas of visceral adipose tissue than Caucasian men in the same levels of waist circumference in a population-based study

Assessment of ethnic differences in sunitinib outcome between Caucasian and Asian patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis

Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Japanese-Brazilians According to Specific Definitions for Ethnicity

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