Ethnic density, immigrant enclaves, and Latino health risks: A propensity score matching approach

Li, Kelin; Wen, Ming; Henry, Kevin A.

doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.07.019

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Our finding of differences in mean baseline weight for FB living in high immigrant neighborhoods compared with those living in low immigrant neighborhoods contradicts what has been found in ethnic enclave literature, which hypothesizes that high immigrant neighborhood concentrations are protective of health (i.e., mean lower baseline weight) (Ishizawa & Jones, 2016;Li et al, 2017). We found the opposite to be true, with FB Latinos living in high immigrant neighborhoods having higher weight, BMI, and obesity risk.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 95%

“…There are many categories in the Census measuring immigration within a tract (e.g., year of migration and sending country). We chose to use the proportion of immigrants of Mexican or Central American origin as our neighborhood measure because it best reflected the ethnic composition of our participants and was comparable to other studies examining the neighborhood concept of immigrant enclaves (Li, Wen, & Henry, 2017;Osypuk et al, 2009). A higher percentage indicated a higher concentration of immigrants.…”

Section: Neighborhood Level Measurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Nativity, Neighborhoods, and Body Composition in the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging

et al. 2019

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Background and Objectives Globally, obesity influences the risk of many major chronic diseases. Our study examines the association between individual nativity and neighborhood level concentration of immigrants with 10-year changes in weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) among older Latinos. Research Design and Methods The Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging (SALSA) is a population-based prospective study of community-dwelling older adults of Mexican origin (baseline ages 58–101 years). The primary outcome was repeated measures of weight over a 10-year period for 1,628 respondents. Nativity was defined by participants’ reported place of birth (US-born or Latin American foreign born). Neighborhood immigrant concentration was measured as the percentage of foreign born at census tract level (2000 US Census). We used linear mixed models with repeated measures of weight, height, BMI, and WC as dependent variables (level 1), clustered within individuals (level 2) and neighborhood migrant concentration (level 3). Results Foreign born (FB) respondents had lower baseline weight than the US-born (mean, 160 vs. 171 lbs, p < .0001). Over time, weight differences between the FB and the US-born decreased by 1.7 lbs/5 years as US-born weight decreased more rapidly. We observed a significant interaction between individual nativity and neighborhood immigrant concentration (p = .012). We found similar patterns for BMI, but did not find statistically significant differences in WC trajectories. Discussion and Implications Our study observed significant differences by foreign born vs. US nativity in baseline weight/BMI and in their trajectories over time. Additionally, we found weight/BMI differences in neighborhood immigrant concentration for the FB, but not for the US-born.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 95%

Section: Neighborhood Level Measurementioning

confidence: 99%

Nativity, Neighborhoods, and Body Composition in the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging

et al. 2019

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“…Immigrant concentration was observed to provide protection from chronic diseases and the more recent immigrants tended to have better health profiles than the U.S. born [26]. Few studies have examined the effect of immigrant concentration on health outcomes of a population and evidence suggests that these relationships depend greatly on context [27]. Similar to immigrant concentration, limited English language use did not yield any significant effect on the Hispanic ethnic concentration in this study.…”

Section: Hispanic Ethnic Concentration Is a Risk Factor For Obesitymentioning

confidence: 43%

Using Electronic Medical Record Data to Better Understand Obesity in Hispanic Neighborhoods in El Paso, Texas

Salinas

Sheen

Carlyle

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The prevalence of obesity has been persistent amongst Hispanics over the last 20 years. Socioeconomic inequities have led to delayed diagnosis and treatment of chronic medical conditions related to obesity. Factors contributing include lack of insurance and insufficient health education. It is well-documented that obesity amongst Hispanics is higher in comparison to non-Hispanics, but it is not well-understood how the socioeconomic context along with Hispanic ethnic concentration impact the prevalence of obesity within a community. Specifically studying obesity within Hispanic dominant regions of the United States, along the Texas–Mexico border will aid in understanding this relationship. El Paso, Texas is predominantly Mexican-origin Hispanic, making up 83% of the county’s total population. Through the use of electronic medical records, BMI averages along with obesity prevalence were analyzed for 161 census tracts in the El Paso County. Geographic weighted regression and Hot Spot technology were used to analyze the data. This study did identify a positive association between Hispanic ethnic concentration and obesity prevalence within the El Paso County. Median income did have a direct effect on obesity prevalence while evidence demonstrates that higher education is protective for health.

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“…Acculturation and the “immigrant paradox” are believed to drive findings of better health in immigrant communities despite generally lower socio-economic status, particularly for Latinos [51]. Residence in immigrant enclaves may explain the lower rates of other chronic diseases for foreign-born Latinos compared to U.S.-born Latinos, but have mixed findings in diabetes [53],[54]. Others suggest that unexpectedly low reported rates of diabetes may reflect under diagnosis of diabetes among immigrants with poor access to care rather than true low rates of disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Access to care, nativity and disease management among Latinos with diabetes in a safety-net healthcare setting

Burner¹,

Terp²,

Lam³

et al. 2019

AIMS Public Health

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IntroductionLatinos in the U.S. are disproportionately affected by diabetes and its complications. The role of access to care and nativity in diabetes management are important areas of research, as these findings can help direct tailored interventions.MethodsWe examined associations between access to care, acculturation and glycemic control among Latino patients with diabetes seen in a safety net emergency department. We used regression models to estimate the individual predictors' associations with glycemic control and then estimated adjusted associations by controlling for all relevant predictors. We tested for a moderating role of nativity in the associations between access to care and glycemic control.ResultsIn unadjusted analysis, we found the most significant predictors of glycemic control to be access to primary care (β = −0.89, p = 0.011), capacity for self-monitoring glucose (β = −0.68, p = 0.022), mental health comorbidities (β = 0.95, p = 0.013), male gender (β = −0.49, p = 0.091) and nativity (β = −0.81, p = 0.034). In adjusted analysis, nativity was no longer a significant predictor of glycemic control (β = −0.32, p = 0.541). Nativity did not significantly moderate the association of access to care and glycemic control.ConclusionsOur findings show a direct association between access to care and glycemic control among low-income Latinos seeking care in the emergency department. This supports concerns that many researchers, clinicians and policy analysts have expressed regarding access to care for immigrants. The importance of primary care and access to supplies to perform self-management in achieving glycemic control and reducing risk of complications indicate that ensuring access to quality care is critical to the health of this vulnerable group.

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Ethnic density, immigrant enclaves, and Latino health risks: A propensity score matching approach

Cited by 24 publications

References 62 publications

Nativity, Neighborhoods, and Body Composition in the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging

Nativity, Neighborhoods, and Body Composition in the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging

Using Electronic Medical Record Data to Better Understand Obesity in Hispanic Neighborhoods in El Paso, Texas

Access to care, nativity and disease management among Latinos with diabetes in a safety-net healthcare setting

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