Ethiopia's Admission into the League of Nations: An Assessment of Motives

Iadarola, Antoinette

doi:10.2307/216698

Cited by 21 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Unlike almost all other African countries at the time, Ethiopia had already been recognized as an independent state and member of the League of Nations. Indeed, Ethiopia had joined the League in 1923, as a result of pressures exerted by France to prevent other colonial powers (i.e., Italy and Britain) from expanding their control in East Africa (Iadarola 1975).…”

Section: Take Down Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

Between Sovereignty and Race: The Bombardment of Hospitals in the Italo-Ethiopian War and the Colonial Imprint of International Law

Perugini

Gordon

2019

State Crime Journal

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Italy's war crimes during the 1935–1936 invasion of Ethiopia have been broadly documented by different historians of Italian colonialism. However, its systematic bombardment of medical facilities operated by different Red Cross Societies is much less known. Relying on archival materials, we show how the fascist regime presented these attacks as legitimate reprisal; it was, the Italians claimed, the Ethiopian forces who had violated international law, particularly the principle of distinction, when they used medical facilities to hide. Reconstructing the debates about the Red Cross medical units, we show how Ethiopia's sovereign status rendered international law applicable, since the war was carried out between two internationally recognized countries rather than between a sovereign state and its colonial subjects. Simultaneously however, Ethiopia's status as a sovereign state was extremely precarious. The African country was successfully framed by both Italy and the Red Cross as uncivilized through the creation of an artificial link between the ostensible inability to follow the principle of distinction (i.e. hiding behind medical units) and the population's race. The move from sovereignty to race is, we claim, illuminating because it reveals how the inclusion of Ethiopia into the family of nations not only did not undermine the colonial imprint of international law, but also helped cement it. It is therefore crucial to think about the process of colonial inclusion into the liberal order of humanity against the grain, and to reveal how integration through sovereignty can be transmogrified into racist exclusion.

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Section: Take Down Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

Between Sovereignty and Race: The Bombardment of Hospitals in the Italo-Ethiopian War and the Colonial Imprint of International Law

Perugini

Gordon

2019

State Crime Journal

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“…This topic cannot be adequately discussed in this article, but an excellent treatment of the complex political machinations that took place is discussed by Antoinette Iadarola. 20 Mussolini had not forgotten the humiliation of Italy's defeat by Ethiopia at Adwa (1896), and when he came to power, he vowed to "set things right." Italy, France, and Britain had been actively engaged in "dividing" up interests in Ethiopia well before the outbreak of World War I.…”

Section: Italian Interests In East Africa and Background Of The Disputementioning

confidence: 99%

Collective Security and the Italo‐Ethiopian Dispute Before the League of Nations

Wemlinger¹

2015

Peace & Change

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This article examines unofficial correspondence sent to the League of Nations during the Italo-Ethiopian Dispute (1934)(1935)(1936)(1937)(1938), which was one of a number of events in the interwar period that contributed to public concerns about collective security. The official record concerning the Italo-Ethiopian Dispute provides a sterile picture that belies the evidence in the documents considered in this article, which reveal the concern it generated around the globe. The examination of these archival documents shows that the concern for peace transcended ideological differences and changes the story of the interwar years, League historiography, and the Dispute by revealing how ordinary people understood the events. Much of League historiography has focused on its ultimate failure to maintain world peace. Exploration of world opinion as it related to the Dispute exposes how seriously global citizens took the event as a threat to international security and supplements existing historiography.

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“…40 The Organising Secretary of the ASS, Sir John Harris, persuaded the New Zealand representative at the League to raise the issue instead. 42 In order to gain a place in the League, Ethiopia was required to prove adherence to the Convention of St. Germain-en-Laye of 1919. 42 In order to gain a place in the League, Ethiopia was required to prove adherence to the Convention of St. Germain-en-Laye of 1919.…”

Section: Ras Tafari and The Abolition Of Slavery: 1916-1930mentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Everyone Knows that Laws Bring the Greatest Benefits to Mankind’: The Global and Local Origins of Anti-Slavery in Abyssinia, 1880–1942

Whyte¹

2014

Slavery & Abolition

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Literature on the development of the Slavery Convention of 1926 often gives Abyssinia (now Ethiopia) as the test case and primary target of the international convention against slavery. For the most part, the Abyssinian side in the legal debates is obscured and a strong narrative of helplessness in the face of European pressure to abolish the legal status of slavery emerges. This paper seeks to re-centre the history of specifically Abyssinian legal knowledge about slavery and argue that Abyssinian anti-slavery policy developed in interaction not only with European-led international law but also with a non-Western discourse of modernisation drawn from the example of Japan. In addition, the paper argues that anti-slavery legislation was an integral part of the imperial modernising project.

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Ethiopia's Admission into the League of Nations: An Assessment of Motives

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Between Sovereignty and Race: The Bombardment of Hospitals in the Italo-Ethiopian War and the Colonial Imprint of International Law

Between Sovereignty and Race: The Bombardment of Hospitals in the Italo-Ethiopian War and the Colonial Imprint of International Law

Collective Security and the Italo‐Ethiopian Dispute Before the League of Nations

‘Everyone Knows that Laws Bring the Greatest Benefits to Mankind’: The Global and Local Origins of Anti-Slavery in Abyssinia, 1880–1942

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