Ethics of autonomous weapons systems and its applicability to any AI systems

Ágreda, Ángel Gómez de

doi:10.1016/j.telpol.2020.101953

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In the literature, most studies focus on the conceptual part of AI ethics, and one of them is the compilation, presentation and evaluation of ethical guidelines and their principles. Several authors have used different methodologies to explore sets of documents and extract the most recurrent principles and their definitions, usually concluding that they are too general, have high level of abstraction and degree of difficulty in applying them in real contexts, besides there is overlap between the principles [Hagendorff 2020, Jobin et al 2019, Fjeld et al 2020, Zeng et al 2019, Smit et al 2020, Floridi and Cowls 2019, de Ágreda 2020, Ryan and Stahl 2020, Rothenberger et al 2019. At least 84 of public and private initiatives have published reports describing ethical principles for the development and deployment of AI [Mittelstadt 2019].…”

Section: Guidelines and Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Ethical Requirements Elicitation for Applications in the Context of AI

Cerqueira

Canedo

2022

Anais Estendidos Do XVIII Simpósio Brasileiro De Sistemas De Informação (SBSI Estendido 2022)

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Ethical concerns arises from the proliferation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) based systems in use. AI ethics has been approached mainly in guidelines and principles, not providing enough practical guidance for developers. Hence, we aim to present RE4AI Ethical Guide and its evaluation. We used the Design Science Research methodology to understand the problem, present the guide and evaluate it through a focus group. The Guide is composed of 26 cards across 11 principles. We evaluated it with 5 AI professionals and our preliminary results reveal that it has the potential to facilitate the elicitation of ethical requirements. Thus, we contribute to bridge the gap between principles and practice by assisting developers to elicit ethical requirements and operationalise ethics in AI.

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Section: Guidelines and Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Ethical Requirements Elicitation for Applications in the Context of AI

Cerqueira

Canedo

2022

Anais Estendidos Do XVIII Simpósio Brasileiro De Sistemas De Informação (SBSI Estendido 2022)

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“…Человечество стоит на пороге эпохи, когда расширение горизонтов использования искусственного интеллекта дает старт новой промышленной революции. Его применение неизбежно приводит к проблеме этического выбора, широко освещаемой в отечественной и зарубежной науке [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Развитие искусственного интеллекта порождает также множество сугубо правовых вопросов [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22], требующих оперативного вмешательства [23, с.…”

Section: ____________________________________________ 1 введениеunclassified

“…Использование роботов при выполнении рутинных процессов и операционной деятельности, на которую ранее был способен только человек, не только значительно облегчило тяжелый труд, определило вектор на переориентирование ресурсов человечества для выполнения более творческой работы, но и поставило перед мировым сообществом ряд глобальных вопросов. В первую очередь обусловленных стремительным развитием робототехники и искусственного интеллекта и делегированием им функционала в сферах очень значимых и крайне «чувствительных» для человечества, как с 1 См. : The Montréal Declaration for a Responsible Development of Artificial Intelligence.…”

Section: ____________________________________________ 1 введениеunclassified

Criminological classification of robots: risk-based approach

Begishev

2021

Law Enforcement Review

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The subject of the research is key criminal risks in robotics. The purpose of the article is to confirm or disprove the hypothesis that key criminal risks of using robots may be identified and classified. The author dares to describe the key aspects of the application of risk-based approach in the assessment of robotic activities, identify the key risks of using robots, give a criminological classification. The methodology includes a formal logical method, systematic approach, formal legal interpretation of legal acts and academic literature, SWOT analysis. The main results of the study. The author applies the main provisions of criminal riskology when assessing encroachments involving robots. Key risks and challenges when using robots are identified. The severity of the consequences of harm caused by using robots (from minor to critical risk) is assessed and a matrix of the probability of its occurrence is provided. The author's criminological classification of robots is based on the risk-based approach and is substantiated on two grounds. The first one is the category of public danger and the second is the potential severity of the consequences of harm caused by robots. The causal complex that can lead to criminal risks in robotics is identified. The grounds of such risks are divided into those related to the mechanical subsystem of robots, digital subsystem of robots and power supply subsystem of robots. Conclusions. The risk-based approach is the most progressive and effective basis for regulating the criminal relations in robotics. The author demonstrates the existence of real risks to the peace and security of mankind, life and health of people, objects of wildlife, nonliving material objects from the use of robots. It is necessary to recognize robotics as source of increased potential criminal danger and to adopt appropriate regulation as soon as possible. The necessity and expediency of applying a risk-based approach to robotics is theoretically substantiated, and the characteristics of robots that are important in assessing the criminal potential of their exploitation are evaluated. The conclusions and recom mendations of this paper may become a basis for the implementation of the risk-based approach in legal regulation of robotics. The risk matrix presented in the article can be used to establish a framework for regulatory impact on robotics, assess the consequences of potential harm and minimize it.

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“…Ethically, full autonomy can be undesirable due to the responsibility and accountability issues ( Nothwang et al, 2016 ; Wachter et al, 2017 ). Therefore, the use of a human-in-the-loop model is still an important bridge to ensure the safety of operations, especially for critical and sensitive applications in medicine and military ( O’Sullivan et al, 2019 ; de Ágreda, 2020 ; Verdiesen et al, 2021 ). Human-swarm systems will remain the most feasible path, at least for the foreseeable future, for adopting swarm systems in real environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Indicators for Adaptive Human-Swarm Teaming

et al. 2022

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Swarm systems consist of large numbers of agents that collaborate autonomously. With an appropriate level of human control, swarm systems could be applied in a variety of contexts ranging from urban search and rescue situations to cyber defence. However, the successful deployment of the swarm in such applications is conditioned by the effective coupling between human and swarm. While adaptive autonomy promises to provide enhanced performance in human-machine interaction, distinct factors must be considered for its implementation within human-swarm interaction. This paper reviews the multidisciplinary literature on different aspects contributing to the facilitation of adaptive autonomy in human-swarm interaction. Specifically, five aspects that are necessary for an adaptive agent to operate properly are considered and discussed, including mission objectives, interaction, mission complexity, automation levels, and human states. We distill the corresponding indicators in each of the five aspects, and propose a framework, named MICAH (i.e., Mission-Interaction-Complexity-Automation-Human), which maps the primitive state indicators needed for adaptive human-swarm teaming.

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Ethics of autonomous weapons systems and its applicability to any AI systems

Cited by 21 publications

References 10 publications

Exploring Ethical Requirements Elicitation for Applications in the Context of AI

Exploring Ethical Requirements Elicitation for Applications in the Context of AI

Criminological classification of robots: risk-based approach

Characterization of Indicators for Adaptive Human-Swarm Teaming

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