Ethics in Surgery

Hanlon, Christopher

doi:10.1016/s1072-7515(97)00157-9

Cited by 14 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Their code of ethics explicitly valued a paternalistic medicine in which the physician's responsibility to act in the best interests of the patient was valued above the rights of his patient. 3 The Hippocratic corpus eventually formed the basis of many modern codes of ethics including that of the AMA. The 1847 AMA code enumerated many of the values of the ancient physicians, including a prohibition against abandoning patients, and the obligation to place patient interests first.…”

Section: Ethical Underpinningsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In keeping with classical tradition, in its section on "Obligations of Patients to Their Physicians," the original AMA code called for total patient obedience. 3 Thus, the patient who presented with a gangrenous limb was expected to permit surgery, without question, if prescribed by his surgeon. Critics further charged that the focus of the initial AMA code was too heavily focused on physicians' rights and responsibilities to other physicians rather than on their duties to patients.…”

Section: Ethical Underpinningsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was not until its final revision in 1980 that the AMA code explicitly prescribed respect for patients' rights and autonomy. 3 In response to the paternalism in traditional medical ethics and the need for a practical code of ethics to use to make increasingly difficult real-life decisions in the early 1960s, professional ethicists proposed a new method of ethical deliberation. Most prominent is Beauchamp and Childress' Principles of Biomedical Ethics, 9 which describes 4 prima facie principles: beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy, and justice.…”

Section: Ethical Underpinningsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, the pledge first taken by the fellows of the American College of Surgeons in 1913 called on surgeons to "place the welfare and rights of my patient above all else." 3 This code helped guide surgeons' conduct and enhanced public confidence by assuring patients that the goal of surgical therapy was improved health, not enhanced professional income.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Maintaining Trust in the Surgeon-Patient Relationship

Axelrod

Goold

2000

Arch Surg

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Section: Ethical Underpinningsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ethical Underpinningsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ethical Underpinningsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maintaining Trust in the Surgeon-Patient Relationship

Axelrod

Goold

2000

Arch Surg

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“…Surgeons today are confronted with more ethical dilemmas than before due to the growth in scientific knowledge, an increase in the availability and efficiency of medical technology, a more equal relationship between patients and surgeons, and changes in the organizational arrangement and financing of the health care system [3,9,10]. The growth in scientific knowledge and technology has given surgeons new and better diagnostic equipment and treatment opportunities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Action ethical dilemmas in surgery: an interview study of practicing surgeons

2005

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BackgroundThe aim of this study was to describe the kinds of ethical dilemmas surgeons face during practice.MethodsFive male and five female surgeons at a University hospital in Norway were interviewed as part of a comprehensive investigation into the narratives of physicians and nurses about ethically difficult situations in surgical units. The transcribed interview texts were subjected to a phenomenological-hermeneutic interpretation.ResultsNo gender differences were found in the kinds of ethical dilemmas identified among male and female surgeons. The main finding was that surgeons experienced ethical dilemmas in deciding the right treatment in different situations. The dilemmas included starting or withholding treatment, continuing or withdrawing treatment, overtreatment, respecting the patients and meeting patients' expectations. The main focus in the narratives was on ethical dilemmas concerning the patients' well-being, treatment and care. The surgeons narrated about whether they should act according to their own convictions or according to the opinions of principal colleagues or colleagues from other departments. Handling incompetent colleagues was also seen as an ethical dilemma. Prioritization of limited resources and following social laws and regulations represented ethical dilemmas when they contradicted what the surgeons considered was in the patients' best interests.ConclusionThe surgeons seemed confident in their professional role although the many ethical dilemmas they experienced in trying to meet the expectations of patients, colleagues and society also made them professionally and personally vulnerable.

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Ethics in Surgery

Tung

Organ²

2000

Arch Surg

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thics codes and guidelines date back to the origins of medicine in virtually all civilizations. Developed by the medical practitioners of each era and culture, oaths, prayers, and codes bound new physicians to the profession through agreement with the principles of conduct toward patients, colleagues, and society. Although less famous than the Hippocratic oath, the medical fraternities of ancient India, seventh-century China, and early Hebrew society each had medical oaths or codes that medical apprentices swore to on professional initiation. 1 The Hippocratic oath, which graduating medical students swear to at more than 60% of US medical schools, is perhaps the most enduring medical oath of Western civilization. 2,3 Other oaths commonly sworn to by new physicians include the Declaration of Geneva (a secular, updated form of the Hippocratic oath formulated by the World Medical Association, Ferney-Voltaire, France) 2,4 and the Prayer of Moses Maimondes, developed by the 18th-century Jewish physician

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Ethics in Surgery

Cited by 14 publications

References 5 publications

Maintaining Trust in the Surgeon-Patient Relationship

Maintaining Trust in the Surgeon-Patient Relationship

Action ethical dilemmas in surgery: an interview study of practicing surgeons

Ethics in Surgery

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