Ethics and Economic Policy for the Food System

Pinstrup‐Andersen, Per

doi:10.1111/j.1467-8276.2005.00796.x

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…While it can be safely assumed that the probability of non-compliance varies with its expected economic benefits, the behavioural economics of compliance considers that there may be different individual reactions to identical economic incentives. Depending on the situation, multiple utility gains from complying with rules may or may not outweigh an individual's temptation to break them (Pinstrup-Andersen, 2005); that is, compliance behaviour is seen as depending not only on material incentives, but also on social control and internalised values because agents pursue multiple goals and strive not only for profits, but also for social recognition and consistency with their identity and internalised social norms (Benz, 2009;Akerlof & Kranton, 2010;Grüner & Hirschauer, 2018). The impact of social norms can be reinforced through social control and social comparisons (e.g.…”

Section: Problem Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can personality traits explain compliance behaviour? - A study of compliance with water-protection rules in German agriculture

Funke¹,

Hirschauer²,

Peth³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Going beyond the rational choice approach used in conventional economics of crime, the question arises whether psychological personality traits analysis can contribute to a better understanding of non-compliance and, eventually, to the prevention of illicit behaviours. This study investigated how personality traits are related to compliance with environmental regulation in agriculture. The object of study was a water-protection rule that required farmers using fertilising to keep it a minimum distance away from nearby water bodies. Self-interested infringements can cause serious environmental damage to waters (negative externalities) through nitrogen runoff. In a survey among German farmers, we employed a 10-item version of the Big Five Inventory to measure the traits that are used as predictor variables in a regression analysis. The outcome variable was the farmers’ compliance behaviour in a business management game where rule-breaking was more profitable than rule-abidance. Some noteworthy findings were observed in the surveyed sample. (i) Neuroticism was positively related to ‘overall compliance’, measured as a binary yes/no variable; that is, more anxious farmers were less prone to rule-breaking. Surprisingly, however, a positive relationship between neuroticism and compliance was not found when looking separately at the deviant subgroup; here, greater neuroticism was associated with more severe rule violations, in terms of illicitly fertilised acreage. (ii) In the deviant subgroup, as might have been expected, higher levels of conscientiousness were associated with less severe rule-violations. Contrary to expectations, again, higher levels of agreeableness were linked to more severe non-compliance. A substantial positive relationship was found between extraversion and the severity of non-compliance, in accordance with ex-ante expectation. For openness to experience, no noteworthy results were obtained. The results indicate that agents with heterogeneous personality traits might react differently to identical economic and institutional environments. Moreover, it is suggested that, other than traits, there is another quality in agents (e.g. social control) that may have a decisive influence on their belonging to the compliant or non-compliant subpopulation. Farmers’ responses to changes brought forward by regulators who aim to prevent rule-breaking might therefore differ as well.

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Section: Problem Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can personality traits explain compliance behaviour? - A study of compliance with water-protection rules in German agriculture

Funke¹,

Hirschauer²,

Peth³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…The health and nutrition risk of the private sector replacing the government is that efforts to maximize profits are incompatible with health and nutrition goals. Self‐regulation by the private sector raises important ethical questions (Pinstrup‐Andersen, 2005).…”

Section: Interactions Between the Global Food System And Human Heamentioning

confidence: 99%

Agricultural research and policy for better health and nutrition in developing countries: a food systems approach

Pinstrup‐Andersen

2007

Agricultural Economics

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117

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This article is about the two-way causal relationships between the global food system and health and nutrition. It argues that the global food system begins and ends with health and that the prioritization and implementation of agricultural research and policy should consider health and nutrition effects. An integrated health and food policy approach is likely to be more effective in achieving both health and economic development goals that the current practice of separate sectorial policies. The article identifies a large number of health and nutrition factors affecting and affected by the food system and suggests research and policies to enhance positive effects and reduce negative ones. Copyright 2007 International Association of Agricultural Economists.

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“…In his presidential address to the American Agricultural Economics Association, Per Pinstrup‐Andersen (2005) called on applied economists to engage more rigorously in comparative ethical analysis, in particular, to consider nonutilitarian ethical theories, especially in their policy‐related work. My purpose in this article is to lay some groundwork for the project that Pinstrup‐Andersen proposed, although the form and content of that project may turn out to be quite different from the line of inquiry that Dr. Pinstrup‐Anderson had in mind.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Origins, Nature, and Content of the Right to Property: Five Economic Solitudes

Fox¹

2012

Canadian J Agri Economics

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The thesis of this article is that the now extensive contemporary literature on the economics of property rights has generated more heat than light. Economists have invoked at least five distinct theories of ownership or property rights in their work. Unfortunately, authors frequently fail to acknowledge the existence of competing theories of property rights that stand as conceptual rivals to the theory that they, often implicitly, invoke. Nowhere is this problem more evident than in the literature on regulatory takings, a literature that has a justifiable reputation for its inconsistent conclusions. Other fields in which theories of property rights play an important role include intellectual property, the economics of contracts, competition analysis and policy, externalities, and the economics of information. This article compares and evaluates five competing theories of property rights that have been advanced and used by economists: classical liberalism, utilitarianism, legal positivism, pragmatism, and modern libertarianism. These theories present divergent accounts of the origin and the nature of ownership claims. They also conceptualize the evolution of ownership institutions as well as ownership patterns quite differently. There are also important differences in incentives that exist under institutional regimes based on each theory.Le présent article repose sur la thèse selon laquelle la volumineuse littérature contemporaine sur l'économie des droits de propriété génère plus de controverse que d'explications. Leséconomistes ont invoqué au moins cinq théories distinctes de la propriété ou des droits de propriété dans leurs travaux. Malheureusement, les auteurs omettent fréquemment de tenir compte de l'existence de théories des droits de propriété concurrentielles qui se présentent sous l'étiquette de rivales conceptuellesà la théorie qu'ils ont, souvent implicitement, invoquée. Ce problème n'est nulle part plusévident que dans la littérature sur l'expropriation indirecte, une littérature qui possède une réputation justifiée en raison de ses conclusions contradictoires. La théorie des droits de propriété joueégalement un rôle important dans d'autres domaines, tels que la propriété intellectuelle, l'économie des contrats, l'analyse et la politique de la concurrence, l'externalité et l'économie de l'information. Le présent article compare etévalue cinq théories des droits de propriété concurrentielles avancées et utilisées par leséconomistes : le libéralisme classique, l'utilitarisme, le positivisme juridique, le pragmatisme et le libertarisme moderne. Ces théories présentent des versions divergentes de l'origine et de la nature des revendications de propriété. Elles conceptualisentégalement l'évolution des institutions et des structures de propriété de façon totalement différente. Les incitatifs des régimes institutionnels varient de façon importante selon la théorie.Friedrich Hayek (1945), in an article that is frequently referenced but also often misunderstood, speaks of the marvel of prices. The nature of t...

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Ethics and Economic Policy for the Food System

Cited by 21 publications

References 13 publications

Can personality traits explain compliance behaviour? - A study of compliance with water-protection rules in German agriculture

Can personality traits explain compliance behaviour? - A study of compliance with water-protection rules in German agriculture

Agricultural research and policy for better health and nutrition in developing countries: a food systems approach

The Origins, Nature, and Content of the Right to Property: Five Economic Solitudes

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