“…The literature also acknowledges the need for further attention on ethics and ethical leadership for the improvement in organizational practices and performance (Brown, Treviño & Harrison, 2005;Brown & Treviño, 2006;Eisenbeiß & Brodbeck, 2014;Engelbrecht, Heine & Mahembe, 2017;Kalshoven, Den Hartog & De Hoogh, 2011;Liu, Kwan, Fu & Mao, 2013;Price, 2000;Tseng & Wu, 2017). We understand ethical leadership as "the demonstration of normatively appropriate conduct through personal actions and interpersonal relationships, and the promotion of such conduct to followers" (Brown et al, 2005, p. 120).…”