Ethical euthanasia and short-term anesthesia of the chick embryo

Aleksandrowicz, Ewa; Herr, Ingrid

doi:10.14573/altex.1410031

Cited by 47 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The density of the capillary network of the extra-embryonic CAM is easily accessible and can be used to investigate angiogenesis [20]. Fertilized chicken eggs are suggested as an alternative to mammalian models: the CAM is free of nerve cells; moreover, in our study we used 1-week-old embryos, which have not yet developed the ability to experience pain [21]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcranial Yellow, Red, and Infrared Laser and LED Stimulation: Changes of Vascular Parameters in a Chick Embryo Model

Litscher¹,

Min²,

Passegger³

et al. 2015

Integr Med Int

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Background: The use of transcranial laser or light-emitting diode (LED) therapy in the treatment of different neurological diseases is attracting increasing attention. The main goal of this study was to investigate different kinds of scientifically and commercially available laser (yellow, red, and infrared) and LED stimulation systems for the first time using a chick embryo model under a fixed human cadaver (scalp and/or skull) and without this anatomical preparation. Methods: In the present study, the extra-embryonic vasculature of a 1-week-old chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) was investigated. For stimulation, four different systems were used (infrared LED and yellow, red, and infrared laser). Four measurement periods were compared: before stimulation, immediately after stimulation onset, immediately after the 10-min stimulation was turned off, and 6 min after stimulation had ended. Special image processing programs developed at the Beijing University of Science and Technology were used for data analysis. Results: The different kinds of laser induced different effects, e.g. the direct stimulation with yellow laser led to initial vasoconstriction (-17%), whereas yellow laser stimulation through a human skull resulted in an increase in blood volume. These effects could only be observed after mathematical processing of the images. Conclusion: After intensive basic research (e.g. CAM model), transcranial laser stimulation may open up new therapies for lifestyle-related diseases such as stroke, dementia, Alzheimer's or possibly Parkinson's disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcranial Yellow, Red, and Infrared Laser and LED Stimulation: Changes of Vascular Parameters in a Chick Embryo Model

Litscher¹,

Min²,

Passegger³

et al. 2015

Integr Med Int

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Five days post-transplantation at day 14, control eggs were injected with 50 μl chick saline (7.2 g NaCl, 0.37 g KCl, 0.23 g CaCl 2 per Liter ddH 2 O, pH 7.2-7.3) [ 45 ], and eggs harboring miR-pretreated xenografts with 50 μl miR-lipofectamine mix containing 50 nM has-let-7c mimics or in chick saline using an Omnican® F fine dosage syringe with an integrated 30G × 8 mm needle (B. Braun Melsungen AG, Melsungen, Germany). The xenograft tumors were resected 4 days later at day 18, after humane euthanasia of the chick embryo [ 46 ]. All embryos that died before day 17 were excluded from further analyses.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Up-regulation of microRNA let-7c by quercetin inhibits pancreatic cancer progression by activation of Numbl

et al. 2016

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Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a highly malignant tumor with poor prognosis. MicroRNAs (miRs) may offer novel therapeutic approaches to treatment. The polyphenol quercetin, present in many fruits and vegetables, possesses anti-carcinogenic properties. To unravel the effect of quercetin to miR signaling we performed miR profiling in PDA cells before and after quercetin treatment, followed by biostatistical analysis. miR let-7c was among the top up-regulated candidates after quercetin treatment, as measured by qRT-PCR and confirmed in two established and one primary PDA cell lines. By computational analysis we identified the Notch-inhibitor Numbl as let-7c target gene. This was strengthened by luciferase assays, where lipofected let-7c mimics induced a Numbl 3-UTR wild type construct, but not the mutated counterpart. Let-7c induced Numbl mRNA and protein expression but inhibited Notch just like quercetin. It also inhibited colony formation, wound healing, and protein expression of progression markers. In vivo xenotransplantation of PDA cells and subsequent intravenous injection of let-7c resulted in a significant decrease in tumor mass without obvious toxic effects in the fertilized chick egg model. The delivery rate of the miR mimics to the tumor mass was 80%, whereas minor amounts were present in host tissue. By immunohistochemistry we demonstrated that let-7c inhibited Notch and progression markers but up-regulated Numbl. These findings show that quercetin-induced let-7c decreases tumor growth by posttranscriptional activation of Numbl and indirect inhibition of Notch.

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“…Tumor cells were transplanted to the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of fertilized eggs from genetically identical hybrid LB chicks, followed by treatment and humane euthanasia of the chick embryo as described [ 26 , 48 ]. After resection, the tumor take rates were calculated from the percent of transplanted tumors that engrafted and the tumor volumes according to the formula Volume = 4/3 × π × r 3 (r = 1/2 × square root of diameter 1 × diameter 2) [ 49 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delivery of improved oncolytic adenoviruses by mesenchymal stromal cells for elimination of tumorigenic pancreatic cancer cells

et al. 2016

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Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is one of the most aggressive malignancies and has poor therapeutic options. We evaluated improved oncolytic adenoviruses (OAds), in which the adenoviral gene E1B19K was deleted or a TRAIL transgene was inserted. Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) served as carriers for protected and tumor-specific virus transfers. The infection competence, tumor migration, and oncolysis were measured in cancer stem cell (CSC) models of primary and established tumor cells and in tumor xenografts. All OAds infected and lysed CSCs and prevented colony formation. MSCs migrated into PDA spheroids without impaired homing capacity. Xenotransplantation of non-infected PDA cells mixed with infected tumor cells strongly reduced the tumor volume and the expression of the proliferation marker Ki67 along with a necrotic morphology. Adenoviral capsid protein was detected in tumor xenograft tissue after intravenous injection of infected MSCs, but not in normal tissue, implying tumor-specific migration. Likewise, direct in vivo treatment correlated with a strongly reduced tumor volume, lower expression of Ki67 and CD24, and enhanced activity of caspase 3. These data demonstrate that the improved OAds induced efficient oncolysis with the OAd-TRAIL as most promising candidate for future clinical application.

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Ethical euthanasia and short-term anesthesia of the chick embryo

Cited by 47 publications

References 17 publications

Transcranial Yellow, Red, and Infrared Laser and LED Stimulation: Changes of Vascular Parameters in a Chick Embryo Model

Transcranial Yellow, Red, and Infrared Laser and LED Stimulation: Changes of Vascular Parameters in a Chick Embryo Model

Up-regulation of microRNA let-7c by quercetin inhibits pancreatic cancer progression by activation of Numbl

Delivery of improved oncolytic adenoviruses by mesenchymal stromal cells for elimination of tumorigenic pancreatic cancer cells

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