Ethical debate: The dilemma of the incapacitated patient who has previously refused consent for surgery (The case history)

A meta-analysis of existing research on citizen adoption of e-government

“…However, the 95% confidence interval for behavioral intention on actual use is little more extended (0.250 to 0.537), although still satisfies the variance evaluated for these best predictors with having a perfect weight of '1'. McFadzean et al (1997) argued that a "random effects" model assumes a dissimilar essential impact for each study, and takes this as an added source of variation that corresponds to a rather wider confidence interval than the "fixed effects" model. Moreover, it can be argued that the confidence interval width of the individual studies depends to a larger extent, on their sample size.…”

A compact guide to the systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature in neuroscience

“…Random effect models are often eligible to MAN in research fields like neuroscience, in which a variety of study designs are often employed to investigate a similar research question. A high degree of heterogeneity may also justify the planning of the subgroup analyses (51). Relevant subgroups explaining the variability of data are dependent on the research field, and authors may stratify the MAN into subgroups according to the categories selected for external validity assessment (e.g., features of population, intervention, control or outcomes).…”

Consent may be hard to obtain for incompetent patients when relatives object

“…EDITOR—McFadzean et al introduce an ethical debate that arose when a critically ill patient was unable to give consent to a procedure that she had previously refused to consent to 1. The article highlighted a problem that many specialties experience.…”