Ethical Cultures in Large Business Organizations in Brazil, Russia, India, and China

Abstract

This study focuses on comparison of perceptions of ethical business cultures in large business organizations from four largest emerging economies, commonly referred to as the BRICs (Brazil, Russia, India, and China), and from the US. The data were collected from more than 13,000 managers and employees of business organizations in five countries. The study found significant differences among BRIC countries, with respondents from India and Brazil providing more favorable assessments of ethical cultures of their organizations than respondents from China and Russia. Overall, highest mean scores were provided by respondents from India, the US, and Brazil. There were significant similarities in ratings between the US and Brazil.

Stakeholder Understanding of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Emerging Markets with a Focus on Middle East, Africa (MEA) and Asia

“…Similar to the findings of various researchers, differences across countries exist in the current study (Ardichvili et al 2012;Arli and Lasmono 2010;Azmat and Zutshi 2012;Maignan and Ralston 2002;Ramasamy and Yeung 2009;Podnar and Golob 2007;Visser 2008). For the more traditional components of CSR, such as ethics and legal, they are less associated with CSR in the MEA region in comparison to similar studies from developed regions.…”

“…Research in BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India, China) countries has also found significant differences between countries (Ardichvili et al 2012). These findings are consistent with results in emerging markets.…”

Culture and business ethics – a comparative perspective

“…Guanxi plays an important role in China's global value system, allowing managers to obtain the necessary resources within the group. Ethical practices in China's business organizations are based on cultural values such as paternalism, collectivism and guanxi, reduced focus on formal behavioral contracts or codes, an important role for informal support networks; In ethical decision-making situations, employees and managers will rather use particularistic and situational criteria than universal ones (Ardichvili et al, 2012). …”

The Accounting Education Gap in Brazil

“…This is particularly true of the so-called "BRICs", a term coined at the turn of this century by analysts at Goldman Sachs for Brazil, Russia, India, and China. Although these countries share a similar stage of economic development and the inherent challenges, studies warn of the fallacy of using the abbreviation to describe the four countries as part of a uniform bloc, without attention to the particularities of each one, both in the media and academia (Ardichvili et al, 2012). Therefore, studies focused on the specific aspects of each of these countries are important, to enable comprehension of each one and comparisons among them.…”