Ethical and professional conflicts in correctional psychology.

Weinberger, Linda E.; Sreenivasan, Shoba

doi:10.1037/0735-7028.25.2.161

Cited by 26 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In such circumstances, the psychologistÕs involvement in such containment practices is unfortunate yet arguably justified by the immediate risk of harm. More ambiguous situations-not accounted for in existing ethical codes-have the potential to challenge EBP and the key psychological principles relating to the therapeutic alliance (Weinberger & Sreenivasan, 1994). Take, for example, a situation in which a psychologist is requested to aid busy correctional officers through returning a client that they have just interviewed back to their cell and shutting the door so that it is locked.…”

Section: Where Has All the Psychology Gone?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Where has all the psychology gone?

Gannon

Ward

2014

Aggression and Violent Behavior

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(2014) Where has all the psychology gone? A critical review of evidence-based psychological practice in correctional settings. Aggression and Violent Behavior., 19 (4 WHERE HAS ALL THE PSYCHOLOGY GONE?2! Abstract Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) is the gold standard for effective clinical psychological practice. In this review we examine the basic tenets of EBP and consider how-in the context of psychological treatment provision-EBP is able to subsume the overarching guiding theory of offender rehabilitation adopted by correctional policy makers and psychologists worldwide (i.e., the Risk-Need-Responsivity Model, RNR;Andrews & Bonta, 2010a). We also examine ways in which, under the backdrop of RNR, EBP tenets are typically being neglected by correctional psychologists. We examine three key aspects of EBP currently being neglected by correctional psychologists: (a) individualized and flexible client focus, (b) the therapeutic alliance, and (c) psychological expertise. We also highlight two highly related issues responsible for psychologistsÕ neglect of EBP within corrections. The first relates to the dual-relationship problem.That is, the tension that psychologists experience as a result of engaging in psychological practice whilst also obliging the risk and security orientated policies of correctional systems. The second relates to psychologistsÕ response to this tension. In short, psychology, as a discipline appears to have acquiesced to the dual-relationship problem.In our view, this constitutes a ÔcrisisÕ for the discipline of correctional psychology and for the provision of best practice treatment within correctional settings. We offer several recommendations for injecting EBP back into correctional psychology for the individual, psychology as a discipline, and correctional policy makers.Key words: Evidence Based Practice, Risk Need Responsivity, Corrections, SciencePractice Gap. WHERE HAS ALL THE PSYCHOLOGY GONE? 3!Where has all the Psychology Gone? A Critical Review of Evidence-Based Psychological Practice in Correctional SettingsThe role of the correctional or forensic psychologist has evolved steadily from decades of struggle between punishment and rehabilitation proponents. Ultimately, the psychologist has secured an important role in contemporary western world corrections.Yet despite correctional psychology having evolved over many decades, we believe that the correctional psychology discipline is facing a crisis. In this manuscript, we highlight one fundamental aspect underpinning this crisis-that is, the correctional psychologistsÕ mounting neglect of Evidence Based Practice (EBP). The lack of attention to EBP within such a highly important field is potentially harmful not only to the profession of psychology but also to society who must inevitably deal with the devastating effects of re-offending associated with inadequate psychological treatment.In this manuscript, we examine (1) the development of the modern day correctional psychologist; paying particular attention to the highly popular Risk Nee...

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Section: Where Has All the Psychology Gone?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Where has all the psychology gone?

Gannon

Ward

2014

Aggression and Violent Behavior

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“…These underlying controversies are acknowledged by international authors (e.g. Adams & Ferrandino, 2008;Adshead & Sarkar, 2005;Fitzpatrick et al, 2010;Steadman, Morrissey, & Robbins, 1985;Weinberger & Sreenivasan, 1994) and will be discussed in relation to the Delphi results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment perspectives on interned mentally ill offenders in a forensic psychiatric center (FPC): a Delphi study on experts' opinions

Vandevelde

Soyez

et al. 2012

Psychology, Crime & Law

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The study aims to map the treatment perspectives of international experts on treating mentally ill offenders in a Forensic Psychiatric Centre using the Delphi method. The four-round Delphi study reveals high conformity on the proposed treatment-related issues. However, some points of divergence remain. Three controversies underpinning these disagreements are discussed. The first controversy regards the treatment and control debate. The second controversy concerns the dual role of assessment in forensic mental health. The third controversy describes the potential entry conditions for treatment in a Forensic Psychiatric Centre. Further research is needed to scientifically underpin the above mentioned debates. In this regard, the study suggests a close collaboration between practitioners and researchers.

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Section: Definition and Function Of Codesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To start with, codes are used to educate psychologists (e.g., Allan, 2010a;Keith-Spiegel, 1994) regarding the ethical principles and standards of the profession taking into account the particular cultural, legal, political and social expectations in the relevant country. Codes also provide support to psychologists when they feel coerced by client, colleagues or employers to do something they feel would be unethical (e.g., Allan, 2010a;Weinberger & Sreenivasan, 1994).Professions also use their codes to unify their members (e.g., Allan, 2010a;Louw, 1997a;Louw, 1997b) and to shape the image of the profession (e.g., Allan, 2010a;Keith-Spiegel, 1994).A code for Australian psychologists 5 Finally, professions used codes to publicly state their ethical principles (e.g., Allan, 2010a;Keith-Spiegel, 1994;Sinclair et al, 1987) because, as Rawls (1999) points out, it is an implication of Kant's theory (see especially Kant, 1795Kant, /2001) that bodies should give publicity to the ethical principles it profess to adhere to. Publicity is particularly important for a regulatory body such as the PsyBA whose main aim is the protection of the public as it seems essential that the public should know what the ethical principles are that govern psychologists.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Development of a Code for Australian Psychologists

Allan

2011

Ethics & Behavior

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Section 35(1)(c) of the Health Practitioner Regulation National Law Act (National Act; requires the newly formed Psychology Board of Australia (PsyBA) "to develop or approve standards, codes and guidelines". In 2010 the PsyBA decided to initially adopt the Australian Psychological Society's (APS) Code of Ethics (Code; and develop a new code in the future with the involvement of key stakeholders without deciding, for instance, what the nature of this could code will be. The PsyBA now has to decide exactly how it will proceed in future.My aim in this article is to examine the options available to the PsyBA by exploring the definition and function of codes, presenting a history of the APS Code and considering approaches that had been followed in Europe, Israel, New Zealand and South Africa.Keywords: code of ethics, code of practice, ethical principles, minimum behavioral standards A code for Australian psychologists 3 The Development of an Australian Code for PsychologistsThe Psychology Board of Australia (PsyBA) is one of ten national health practitioner boards that have been established as part of the national registration and accreditation scheme for Australian health practitioners under the Health Practitioner Regulation National Law Act (National Act; 2009). Section (s)3(2)(a) of the National Act stipulates that the primary objective of the boards is to provide protection to the public by ensuring that only practitioners who are suitably trained and qualified to practice in a competent and ethical manner are registered to do so. In s4 the legislator describes the functions of the national boards and specify that they must be exercised in accordance with the guiding principles set out in s3(3). The guiding principle that is particularly relevant for this article is s3(3)(a) which provides that boards must "operate in a transparent, accountable, efficient and effective way". The function of the PsyBA that is most pertinent is set out in s35(1)(c) which authorizes it to "develop or approve standards, codes and guidelines". After consultation during the early part of 2010 the PsyBA "decided to initially adopt the Australian Psychological Society's (APS) Code of Ethics (Code) and develop a new code in the future with the involvement of key stakeholders" (PsyBA, 2010a, p. 2). The PsyBA now has to decide exactly how it will proceed in future. My aim in this article is to examine the options available to the PsyBA by exploring the definition and function of codes, presenting a history of the APS Code and considering approaches that had been followed in Europe, Israel, New Zealand and South Africa. that is, to be used by registrants as a guide to self-regulation the PsyBA to regulate registrants. Definition and function of CodesOther than these two functions, scholars believe that codes have numerous other functions. To start with, codes are used to educate psychologists (e.g., Allan, 2010a;Keith-Spiegel, 1994) regarding the ethical principles and standards of the profession taking into account the particular c...

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Ethical and professional conflicts in correctional psychology.

Cited by 26 publications

References 12 publications

Where has all the psychology gone?

Where has all the psychology gone?

Treatment perspectives on interned mentally ill offenders in a forensic psychiatric center (FPC): a Delphi study on experts' opinions

The Development of a Code for Australian Psychologists

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