Ethical and Economic Perspectives on Global Health Interventions

Bhalotra, Sonia R.; Pogge, Thomas

doi:10.2139/ssrn.2003947

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The negative impact is mostly on account of transfer of diseases and reduction in government's ability to provide effective healthcare to all. The positive effect mostly manifests by enhancing access to information about prevention and treatment of diseases, life-saving medicines and supplements, and technology (Bhalotra and Pogge, 2012;Deaton, 2004;Olayiwola et al, 2004;Diaz-Bonilla et al, 2002;Cornia, 2001). Not many work has been conducted on the nexus of child health, globalization and democracy.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Globalization, Democracy and Child Health: Asia vs. Latin America

Agha¹

2021

Forman J. Econ. Stud.

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Child mortality in an important indicator of shortcomings in health provisions to the most vulnerable segments of the society i.e., children under five. In this highly connected world, the trends in child mortality need exploration within the context of institutional change and global connectivity. This study explores the effect of globalization on child health in Asia and Latin America. These two regions over the last three decades have undergone waves of liberalization as well as an inconsistent drive towards democratization with very different outcomes in terms of child mortality, making for apt comparison in the context of this study. The study also examines how the level of democracy changes the relationship between globalization and child health in the two regions for the time-period 1970 to 2016 using System GMM estimation technique. The results indicate that economic globalization improves child health in Asia while social and political globalization show different results for infant and child mortality. In Latin America political globalization was found to be most effective in reducing infant mortality, while all dimensions of globalization were found to be either insignificant or increasing under-five mortality. That said, the interactions between dimensions of globalization and democracy were found to be consistently significant and mortality reducing. This result signifies the existence of complementarity between democracy and globalization in improving child health outcomes.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Globalization, Democracy and Child Health: Asia vs. Latin America

Agha¹

2021

Forman J. Econ. Stud.

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“…353. The global economic and political order unjustly benefits HICs at the cost of LMICs, constituting sufficient interference to create moral obligation and/or puts HICs and their citizens in the position of violating the human rights of LMICs and their citizens 36.…”

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confidence: 99%

Contextual bias, the democratization of healthcare, and medical artificial intelligence in low‐ and middle‐income countries

Weissglass

2021

Bioethics

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Medical artificial intelligence (MAI) creates an opportunity to radically expand access to healthcare across the globe by allowing us to overcome the persistent labor shortages that limit healthcare access. This democratization of healthcare is the greatest moral promise of MAI. Whatever comes of the enthusiastic discourse about the ability of MAI to improve the state-of-the-art in high-income countries (HICs), it will be far less impactful than improving the desperate state-of-the-actual in lowand middle-income countries (LMICs). However, the almost exclusive development of MAI in HICs risks this promise being thwarted by contextual bias, an algorithmic bias that arises when the context of the training data is significantly dissimilar from potential contexts of application, which makes the unreflective application of HICbased MAI in LMIC contexts dangerous. The use of MAI in LMICs demands careful attention to context. In this paper, I aim to provide that attention. First, I illustrate the dire state of healthcare in LMICs and the hope that MAI may help us to improve this state. Next, I show that the radical differences between the health contexts of HICs and those of LMICs create an extraordinary risk of contextual bias. Then, I explore ethical challenges raised by this risk, and propose policies that will help to overcome those challenges. Finally, I sketch a wide range of related issues that need to be addressed to ensure that MAI has a positive impact on LMICs-and is able to improve, rather than worsen, global health equity.

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Globalization, Health, and Human Rights

Chapman

2016

Global Health, Human Rights and the Challenge of Neoliberal Policies

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Ethical and Economic Perspectives on Global Health Interventions

Cited by 3 publications

References 68 publications

Globalization, Democracy and Child Health: Asia vs. Latin America

Globalization, Democracy and Child Health: Asia vs. Latin America

Contextual bias, the democratization of healthcare, and medical artificial intelligence in low‐ and middle‐income countries

Globalization, Health, and Human Rights

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