Ethanolysis of Kraft lignin to platform chemicals on a MoC1-x/Cu-MgAlOz catalyst

Yan, Fei; Ma, Rui; Ma, Xiaolei; Cui, Kai; Wu, Kai; Chen, Mengmeng; Li, Yongdan

doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.09.030

Cited by 83 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…[b] Conversions take into account the 19.5 wt % of inorganic material (non‐depolymerizable) present in the lignin starting material. [c] The amount of catalyst added was 160 mg. [d] Data from Li and co‐workers …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At 280 °C, Mo/Al 2 O 3 gave the highest yield of aromatics (330 mg g −1 lignin), however, α‐MoC 1− x /activated carbon (AC) gave the best overall yield of liquid products (classified as esters, aliphatic alcohols, and aromatics). To improve the process even further, Li and co‐workers reported the ethanolysis with an α‐MoC 1− x /Cu‐MgAlO z composite catalyst, which combines the virtues of both the catalysts previously reported by the Li and Hensen groups . Both the physical mixture of the components and the composite catalyst afforded higher overall yields of products than either MoC 1− x or Cu‐MgAlO z alone, in which the highest reported yield of aromatics is 575 mg g −1 lignin if the temperature was pushed to 330 °C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Renewable Aromatics from Kraft Lignin with Molybdenum‐Based Catalysts

et al. 2017

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The catalytic depolymerization of Kraft lignin in supercritical ethanol was explored in the presence of Mo2C- and MoS2-based catalysts. At 280 °C, Mo2C and Mo2C/Al2O3 afforded aromatic yields of 425 and 419 mg/g lignin, respectively: amongst the highest yields reported to date. Ionic-liquid-assisted delamination of MoS2 resulted in highly active catalysts, capable of quantitative conversion of lignin at the expense of aromatic yield (ca 186 mg/g lignin). Across all the catalysts studied, between 0.04 wt% and 0.38 wt% of molybdenum leached into solution under supercritical conditions, according to ICP analyses (corresponding to 27–570 µg of molybdenum in the reaction supernatant). A small contribution to the molybdenum in solution comes from the reactor itself (Hastelloy C contains 16 wt% Mo). Analysis of a depolymerization performed with fresh Kraft lignin and the soluble portion of the reaction mixture from a previous reactor run indicated that the leached species were neither active enough to afford the high conversions observed, nor selective enough to give high yields of aromatic products. In conjunction with the ICP data and differential chemoselectivities of the Mo2C- and MoS2-based catalysts, these results suggest that the bulk of the catalysis is heterogeneous

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renewable Aromatics from Kraft Lignin with Molybdenum‐Based Catalysts

et al. 2017

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“…Some processes that shown advantages in laboratory tests are not included primarily due to complexity of product mixture, large amounts of by‐products (e. g. char, coke and solve‐derived by‐products),, process instability (e. g. the yields of C0‐phenols are greatly affected by slight change of operation conditions),,, expensive operation medium (e. g. ionic liquid systems and B(C 6 F 5 ) 3 ) or lack of attractive data (e. g. methods based on photo‐ and electro‐ chemistry).…”

Section: The Promising Processes and Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promising Techniques for Depolymerization of Lignin into Value‐added Chemicals

Ren

et al. 2018

ChemCatChem

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As the world's second most renewable resource, lignin has been studied for depolymerization into useful chemicals and fuels for many years. However, although good results were achieved in laboratory tests, it is difficult to apply those techniques into industrial production. One of the main obstacles is the costly separation tasks of complex degradation products, as reflected from the case of industrial production of vanillin from lignin. In this article, we introduce and discuss the degradation strategies and products that are potential for lignin depolymerization into valuable chemicals on a commercial scale. Based on the viewpoint of not only conversion and yield but also the complexity of degradation products, five categories of products and corresponding processes are recommended as more promising chemicals for industrial production in the near future.

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“…As a hydrogen donor, alcohols used in lignin depolymerization can suppress the condensation of the phenolic intermediates. 10 In this paper, the catalytic activities of the ATP-supported catalysts were tested at 225 C in ethanol.…”

Section: Catalytic Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chen et al 9 use mesoporous SBA-15 catalysts to depolymerize hydrolyzed lignin and eliminate char in ethanol and the results demonstrate that both catalyst and ethanol play important roles in suppressing the repolymerization reaction. Yan et al 10 have reported the depolymerization of kra lignin in supercritical ethanol on a MoC 1Àx /Cu-MgAlO z composite catalyst and a yield of aromatic compounds of 575 mg g À1 lignin is achieved at 330 C. Hidajat et al 11 report the base-catalyzed depolymerization of lignin in supercritical methanol and they nd that the most abundant monomers produced are methoxylated benzene and toluene species because of the unique O-alkylation ability of supercritical methanol. Kim et al 12 illustrate that lignin can be selectively degraded to alkylated phenols efficiently in supercritical t-BuOH as the M w of lignins decrease aer a supercritical t-BuOH treatment, which demonstrating the effectiveness of this method for lignin depolymerization.…”

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confidence: 99%

Catalytic alcoholysis of alkaline extracted lignin for the production of aromatic esters over SO₄²⁻/ZrO₂-ATP

Zhang

Pan

et al. 2018

RSC Adv.

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An efficient process for the depolymerization of alkaline extracted lignin (AEL) using attapulgite (ATP)-supported solid catalysts in ethanol was developed in this work. Different ATP-supported catalysts were prepared and used to catalyze the depolymerization of the lignin AEL. The results demonstrated that the addition of ATP-supported catalysts was favorable for controlling the distribution of valuable depolymerization products. The optimal solid catalyst SO 4 2À /ZrO 2 -ATP (Cat 2) exhibited high catalytic activity and selectivity, which showed a 78.6% conversion of AEL and a 29.4% selectivity to ethyl ferulate (ethyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamate) with a catalyst/AEL ratio of 1 : 1 at 200 C for 120 min. The catalyst could be reused and its catalytic activity did not obviously decreased after 6 successive runs.Particularly, a plausible mechanism involving esterification, hydrogenation, and dehydration for the production of aromatic esters from AEL depolymerization over SO 4 2À/ZrO 2 -ATP in ethanol was also proposed.

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Ethanolysis of Kraft lignin to platform chemicals on a MoC1-x/Cu-MgAlOz catalyst

Cited by 83 publications

References 35 publications

Renewable Aromatics from Kraft Lignin with Molybdenum‐Based Catalysts

Renewable Aromatics from Kraft Lignin with Molybdenum‐Based Catalysts

Promising Techniques for Depolymerization of Lignin into Value‐added Chemicals

Catalytic alcoholysis of alkaline extracted lignin for the production of aromatic esters over SO₄²⁻/ZrO₂-ATP

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Ethanolysis of Kraft lignin to platform chemicals on a MoC1-x/Cu-MgAlOz catalyst

Cited by 83 publications

References 35 publications

Renewable Aromatics from Kraft Lignin with Molybdenum‐Based Catalysts

Renewable Aromatics from Kraft Lignin with Molybdenum‐Based Catalysts

Promising Techniques for Depolymerization of Lignin into Value‐added Chemicals

Catalytic alcoholysis of alkaline extracted lignin for the production of aromatic esters over SO42−/ZrO2-ATP

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Catalytic alcoholysis of alkaline extracted lignin for the production of aromatic esters over SO₄²⁻/ZrO₂-ATP