Ethanol utilisation in a diesel engine using dual-fuelling technology

Assessment of a direct injection diesel engine fumigated with ethanol/water mixtures

“…Results indicated that the engine efficiency was increased (by 10%) with the increase in ethanol energy fraction [21]. The maximum value of diesel energy that could be replaced by ethanol was 60% after which the operation was limited due to misfiring.…”

“…Padala et al [12,21] investigated the performance and emissions characteristics of a single-cylinder diesel engine fumigated with ethanol at medium load. Results indicated that the engine efficiency was increased (by 10%) with the increase in ethanol energy fraction [21].…”

Spectroscopic analysis of the phases of premixed combustion in a compression ignition engine fuelled with diesel and ethanol

“…In order to get to this circumstance in a compression ignition engine, it is necessary to increase the ignition delay of the diesel fuel that is highly reactive [5][6][7]. Generally, PCCI combustion was obtained in light and heavy duty diesel engines using gasoline and diesel fuel mixture; moreover, several papers analyzed the possibility to use biofuels too [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Ethanol and n-butanol feed the engine as un-reactive fuel to prepare the pre-mixing charge, and diesel and biodiesel as the high cetane number fuel for the charge ignition.…”

“…As additive, biodiesel fuels are very good, allowing to overcome the solubility problems and improving the cetane number of the blended fuels [11]. On the other hand, some researchers proceeded by injecting ethanol in the intake manifold in order to allow the use of high percentages of ethanol, while the diesel was injected directly into the cylinder [5][6][7][12][13][14]. However, this method required a second port fuel injection system and its control.…”

“…However, the effect of ethanol addition to the intake air to increase the in-cylinder premixed charge and the ethanol effects on the combustion in a compression ignition engine are not well known. Even if the inhibitory effects of ethanol on the autoignition of diesel fuel was studied by other authors [11][12][13][14], no information was provided about the species involved in the process and on the several phases of combustion that derived by the retarded reactions.…”