Ethanol Sensor Using Zn_1−xCd_xO (x = 0.00 and 0.10) Nanorods by Fiber-Optic Technique

A low cost and reliable fiber optic ethanol sensor based on nano-sized SnO2

“…Metal oxide gas sensors based on SnO 2 , ZnO, WO 3 , etc. have attracted a great deal of attention due to their large surface to volume ratio along with stability and high crystallinity [34]. Among the numerous metal oxide semiconductors, SnO 2 , an n-type wide band-gap semiconductor, is one of the best candidates for detecting the ethanol vapors [35].…”

“…Single-mode fibers are smaller, cheaper and lighter than multimode fibers. Great number of researchers [16,17,34,36,37], took advantage of Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) optical fibers because those are larger, flexible and hence easier to work with. On the other hand, other researchers preferred to work with silica optical fibers [15,22].…”

Undoped and Mn-doped Co3O4 nanorods for ethanol sensing

“…Mn-doped Co 3 O 4 show slight increase in the band gap compared to undoped Co 3 O 4 , since the incorporation of Mn ion has tuned the band gap of metal oxide. The refractive index is related to optical band gap (E g ) of a semiconductor by using Moss relation [30]. The calculated refractive index for undoped and doped samples was 2.62, 2.26, and 2.59, 2.24 respectively, whose values are greater than that of core (1.492) and cladding (1.402).…”

CADMIUM-DOPED Co3O4 THIN FILMS: SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION

“…Due to the increase in the doping concentration, the density of the states of these dopants increases and forms a continuum of states as in the bands, hence the decrease in the band gap. 22 Refractive index and porosity of the prepared¯lms are also calculated (Table 2) respectively by the means of the following relations (Eqs. (2) and (3)) 23,24 :…”