“…Nevertheless, continuous operation systems have also been widely exploited using different bioreactor designs and, in most cases, using yeast immobilization strategies for obtaining high cell-densities (Cheryan and Mehaia, 1983;Gianetto et al, 1986;Hahn-Hägerdal, 1985;Janssens et al, 1984;Kleine et al, 1995;Linko et al, 1981;Kargi, 2007b, c, 2008;Teixeira et al, 1990). Some authors have as well reported fed-batch fermentation systems (Ferrari et al, 1994;Grba et al, 2002;Ozmihci and Kargi, 2007d). Table 1 outlines a compilation of the ethanol volumetric productivities and maximum ethanol titres calculated from the data shown in some of the studies on lactose/whey fermentation by Kluyveromyces yeasts.…”