Ethanol intake increases during continuous administration of amphetamine and nicotine, but not several other drugs

Complex interactions between nicotine and nonpharmacological stimuli reveal multiple roles for nicotine in reinforcement

“…In animals, nicotine increases motivation to obtain food (Popke et al 2000), potentiates alcohol and cocaine self-administration (Clark et al 2001;Potthoff et al 1983), and lowers the threshold for brain reward stimulation (Bauco and Wise 1994). Likewise, clinical studies have found that smoking often occurs in conjunction with other reinforced behavior (e.g., drinking alcohol; Bien and Burge 1990).…”

“…Smoking cues can also stimulate craving for alcohol (Palfai et al 2000). In animal models of reinforcement, pre-exposure to nicotine can facilitate the acquisition of cocaine self-administration (Horger et al 1992), and increase ethanol intake (Potthoff et al 1983;Clark et al 2001) in rats. The potential for nicotine delivered via smoking to increase the incentive-motivational properties of alcohol-or cocaine-conditioned cues has direct bearing on treatment strategies, which often focus on the target substance but do not include a concurrent plan for smoking cessation.…”

The effects of adenosine antagonists on distinct aspects of motivated behavior: interaction with ethanol and dopamine depletion

“…For instance, it has been suggested that the suppressive effects of caffeine on ethanol intake seen in some studies could be due to the use of high toxic doses of caffeine. 166,167 However, the fact that chronic caffeine blocked the ADE effect 168 suggests that caffeine could be promising as a treatment for protrective abstinence, although more studies should assess this point. [191][192][193] , and also to modulate conditioned place preference induced by methamphetamine or cocaine 6 It also would be important to study the effects of caffeine on the acquisition of Pavlovian cues associated with ethanol in this paradigm.…”

“…This lack of effect was specific to caffeine, since slow-release pellets containing other stimulants did increase ethanol consumption. 166 Caffeine administered acutely did not produce a consistent pattern of effects; a low dose of caffeine (5 mg/kg, IP) promoted ethanol drinking in male rats using a limited-access two-bottle choice paradigm. 11 However, a high acute dose of caffeine (50 mg/kg, IP) decreased ethanol as well as food intake in deprived male and female rats.…”

“…164 However, slow-release caffeine pellets (200 mg/day during 21 days) failed to alter ethanol intake in an un-limited free choice paradigm in female rats. 166 . This lack of effect was specific to caffeine, since slow-release pellets containing other stimulants did increase ethanol consumption.…”