Ethanol-induced stimulation and depression on measures of locomotor activity: Effects of basal activity levels in rats

Moore, Timothy O.; June, Harry L.; Lewis, Michael J.

doi:10.1016/0741-8329(93)90078-3

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…However, the average dose of alcohol selfadministered prior to the break point in this experiment was very low (0.2 g/kg alcohol, range 0.02 -0.3 g/kg alcohol). If anything, this low dose of alcohol would be expected to increase locomotor activity (Read et al, 1960;Moore et al, 1993;Paivarinta and Korpi, 1993;Colombo et al, 1998). Therefore, we believe it is unlikely that alcohol-induced sedation is responsible for MCH's relatively sluggish impact to increase lever pressing for alcohol, compared to sucrose.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The regulation of alcohol intake by melanin-concentrating hormone in rats

Duncan

Rider

Jandacek

et al. 2006

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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Given into the brain, melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) increases alcohol consumption, but the mechanism and physiological relevance of this effect are unclear. We hypothesized that endogenous MCH will enhance alcohol drinking and that MCH increases alcohol's reinforcing properties. An MCH receptor 1 (MCHR1) antagonist, or saline was administered centrally alone, or preceding MCH or saline to rats trained to drink 10% alcohol using sucrose fading. Blocking MCHR1 neither reduced alcohol intake (saline = 0.4 ± 0.1g, 30 μg MCHR1 antagonist = 0.4 ± 0.1 g/kg alcohol), nor attenuated MCH-induced alcohol drinking (MCHR1 antagonist/saline = 0.7 ± 0.1 g/kg, MCHR1 antagonist/MCH = 0.9 ± 0.1 g/kg alcohol). Another cohort of rats was trained to lever press for alcohol on a progressive ratio schedule. MCH or saline was administered centrally and lever presses were measured. MCH had no effect prior to the break point, but increased total responding during the session (saline = 87.2 ± 32.0, MCH = 315.4 ± 61.0 presses). In conclusion, these data suggest that MCH augments alcohol drinking partly by enhancing the drug's reinforcing value. Further, endogenous MCH does not seem to regulate alcohol drinking, however because the antagonist failed to attenuate MCH-induced alcohol intake this conclusion is tentative.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The regulation of alcohol intake by melanin-concentrating hormone in rats

Duncan

Rider

Jandacek

et al. 2006

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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“…A pseudoconditioning control group, receiving presentations of food US randomly with respect to the insertion of the lever CS, estimates lever-pressing due to factors other than Pavlovian CS-US pairings, and will clarify whether dose-related changes in lever-pressing are mediated by ethanol's effects on the performance of Pavlovian lever-press autoshaping CRs or by ethanol's effects on pseudoconditioning. This is an important consideration, as ethanol has been reported to induce psychomotor activation in rats (Carlsson et al 1972;Imperato and Di Chiara 1986;Waller et al 1986;Moore et al 1993) and increased motor responding in Pavlovian learning tasks in rats (Cappeliex and White 1981;Silverman 1990;Cunningham et al 1992). Freed (1968) has reported that in rats, IP injections per se impaired subsequent behavioral performance of 155 learned locomotor responses in food-reinforcement procedures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Acute administrations of lower doses of ethanol presession facilitate motor responses that resemble components of lever-press autoshaping CRs (for review, see Pohorecky 1977). For example, in rats, lower doses of ethanol increase spontaneous motor activity (Carlsson et al 1972;Imperato and Di Chiara 1986;Waller et al 1986;Moore et al 1993;Pecins-Thompson and Peris 1993;Gingras et al 1996), running in an activity wheel (Duncan and Baez 1981;Ward and Jones 1989), and locomotion in an open-field (Sonderegger et al 1984;Prunell et al 1987;Aragon et al 1989). Lower doses of ethanol also increase consummatory responding in rats (Conger 1956;Becker and Flaherty 1982), cats (Masserman and Yum 1946), and dogs (Tamura 1963), facilitate food-directed approach responses in rats (Conger 1956;Freed 1967;Devenport et al 1981) and cats (Smart 1965), and increase instrumental lever-pressing for food reward in rats (Scarborough 1957;Holloway and Vardiman 1971;Holloway and Wansley 1973;Iso and Sakaki 1981;Pallares et al 1992) and cats (Goldman and Docter 1966).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of ethanol on Pavlovian autoshaping in rats

et al. 1998

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Approach responses, consummatory behaviors, and directed motor responses maintained by food reward resemble autoshaping CRs and are increased by lower doses of ethanol. This study evaluated the effects of presession i.p. injections of ethanol doses (0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.70. or 1.00 g/kg) on the acquisition of lever-press autoshaping CR performance in groups of male Long-Evans hooded rats. Paired groups received 15 daily sessions of Pavlovian autoshaping procedures, wherein the insertion of a retractable lever for 5 s (CS) was followed by the response-independent presentation of food (US). Ethanol facilitated lever-press autoshaping CR acquisition, as revealed by dose-related increases in the number of trials on which CRs were performed. The form of the dose-effect curve was inverted U-shaped with maximal responding induced during sessions 1-5 by the 0.70 g/kg ethanol dose. A similar dose-effect curve was observed during sessions 11-15, revealing that the effects of ethanol on autoshaping CR performance were relatively stable. A pseudoconditioning control group injected presession with 0.50 g/kg ethanol received training wherein the food US was presented randomly with respect to the lever CS. Few lever-presses were performed by the Random 0.50 group, indicating that ethanol's effects on autoshaping CR acquisition and maintenance observed in the Paired 0.50 group were not due to its psychomotor activating effects. A non-injection control group performed more autoshaping CRs than did the control group injected presession with saline, indicating that daily presession i.p. injections per se suppress autoshaping CR performance. Results reveal that low doses of ethanol enhance Pavlovian conditioning of directed motor and consummatory-like responding maintained by food reward. Implications for autoshaping accounts of impulsivity and drug abuse are considered.

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“…Evidence has shown that some behaviors increase in frequency at smaller doses of ethanol and decrease at larger doses of ethanol (e.g., locomotion in rodents- Erickson and Kochhar, 1985;Moore et al, 1993). However, while such a dose-dependent response has been observed for general measures of activity in rodents, the same cannot be said for measures of motor impairment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%