Ethanol-induced alterations in phopholipids and fatty acids of Mycobacterium smegmatis ATCC 607

Taneja, Reeta

doi:10.1016/0378-1097(80)90074-9

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…An increase in phosphatidylethanolamine to counter the effects of solvents is not a common response among bacteria (44). Following exposure to organic solvents, decreases in the proportion of phosphatidylethanolamine were observed in Escherichia coli (18,19), Mycobacterium smegmatis (43), P. putida S12 (44,45), P. putida MW1200 (this study), and Zymomonas mobilis (5,6). P. putida Idaho and Microsporon sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Phospholipid biosynthesis and solvent tolerance in Pseudomonas putida strains

1997

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The role of the cell envelope in the solvent tolerance mechanisms of Pseudomonas putida was investigated. The responses of a solvent-tolerant strain, P. putida Idaho, and a solvent-sensitive strain, P. putida MW1200, were examined in terms of phospholipid content and composition and of phospholipid biosynthetic rate following exposure to a nonmetabolizable solvent, o-xylene. Following o-xylene exposure, P. putida MW1200 exhibited a decrease in total phospholipid content. In contrast, P. putida Idaho demonstrated an increase in phospholipid content 1 to 6 h after exposure. Analysis of phospholipid biosynthesis showed P. putida Idaho to have a higher basal rate of phospholipid synthesis than MW1200. This rate increased significantly following exposure to xylene. Both strains showed little significant turnover of phospholipid in the absence of xylene. In the presence of xylene, both strains showed increased phospholipid turnover. The rate of turnover was significantly greater in P. putida Idaho than in P. putida MW1200. These results suggest that P. putida Idaho has a greater ability than the solvent-sensitive strain MW1200 to repair damaged membranes through efficient turnover and increased phospholipid biosynthesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The total phospholipid content of strain MW1200 decreased by 70% following exposure to xylene, a response shared by M. smegmatis and E. coli (18,19,43). Because of the mechanism of action of xylene, it is likely that the loss resulted from extraction of the membrane components to the surrounding medium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phospholipid biosynthesis and solvent tolerance in Pseudomonas putida strains

1997

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“…Many microorganisms have been shown to alter their lipid composition during growth in the presence of ethanol (3,15,16,20,23,28,32,35,45). For E. coli (15,18,20) and S. cerevisiae (3), growth in the presence of ethanol results in an increase in 18:1 fatty acid (up to 57%) at the expense of 16:0 and, to a lesser extent, 16:1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid composition of Zymomonas mobilis: effects of ethanol and glucose

Carey¹,

Ingram²

1983

J Bacteriol

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Zymomonas mobilis is an alcohol-tolerant microorganism which is potentially useful for the commercial production of ethanol. This organism was found to contain cardiolipin, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylcholine as major phospholipids. Vaccenic acid was the most abundant fatty acid, with lesser amounts of myristic, palmitic, and palmitoleic acids. No branched-chain or cyclopropane fatty acids were found. Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that ethanol induces the synthesis of phospholipids enriched in vaccenic acid in Escherichia coli (L. 0. Ingram, J. Bacteriol. 125:670-678, 1976). The fatty acid composition of Z. mobilis, an obligately ethanolproducing microorganism, represents an extreme of the trend observed in E. coli. In Z. mobilis, vaccenic acid represents over 75% of the acyl chains in the polar membrane lipids. Glucose and ethanol had no major effect on.the fatty acid composition of Z. mobilis. However, both glucose and ethanol caused a decrease in phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol and an increase in cardiolipin and phosphatidylcholine. Ethanol also caused a dose-dependent reduction in the lipid-to-protein ratios of crude membranes. The lipid composition of Z. mobilis may represent an evolutionary adaptation for survival in the presence of ethanol. Zymomonas mobilis is a gram-negative microorganism of uncertain taxonomic position (7, 10, 41-44). This organism is obligately fementative, utilizing glucose by the Entner-Doudoroff pathway (8, 13). Z. mobilis is commonly found as a spoilage organism in ciders and beers (7). It is present in ripening honey (36) and is used in the fermentation of cacao beans to make cocoa and chocolate (31). Zymomonas is used in the fermentation of palm wines (30) and plant saps (7, 42) to produce alcoholic beverages and has yet to be exploited for large-scale commercial alcohol production (34, 42). Z. mobilis is capable of producing up to 1.9 mol of ethanol per mol of glucose fermented (12, 13, 24, 42). It is reported to exhibit higher ethanol tolerance (42), higher glucose tolerance (33, 34, 42), and more rapid fermentation than Saccharomyces cerevisiae (26, 33, 34), the organism used for ethanol production in the United States. Growth in the presence of ethanol has been shown to cause changes in the lipid composition of many organisms. In Escherichia coli (15-18, 20) and in yeasts (3, 35), alcohol induces an increase in the proportion of 18:1 fatty acid at the expense of 16:0. This change has been t Florida Agricultural Experiment Station publication no. 4377.

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“…Lipids were extracted and purified as described earlier [7]. Phospholipids were analysed and quantitated by methods stated previously [8].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%